29. Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, trans. Robert Graves (London: Penguin Books, 2003), p. 25.
30. Everitt, Cicero, pp. 16-17.
31. Byrd, Senate of the Roman Republic, pp. 111, 116.
32. Holland, Rubicon, p. 162.
33. Everitt, Cicero, p. 19.
34. Ibid., p. 45.
35. Suzanne Cross, “Gaius Marius, 157-86 B.C,” http://heraklia.fwsl.com/contemporaries/marius/.
36. Everitt, Cicero, p. 246.
37. Ibid., pp. 281, 296; Holland, Rubicon, p. 361; Parenti, Assassination of Julius Caesar, p. 201; Byrd, Senate of the Roman Republic, p. 34.
38. Everitt, Cicero, pp. 303-18.
39. Shasta Darlington, Reuters, “New Dig Says Caligula Was Indeed a Maniac,” San Diego Union- Tribune, August 16, 2003.
40. On Nero’s reputation, see Edward Champlin, Nero (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003).
41. Niall Ferguson, Colossus: The Price of America’s Empire (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 208. Also see Vivek Chibber, “The Good Empire: Should We Pick Up Where the British Left Off?” Boston Review, February-March 2005, pp. 30-34.
42. Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power (New York: Basic Books, 2002), pp. xxi, x.
43. Max Boot, “The Case for an American Empire,” Weekly Standard, October 15, 2001.
44. Review of Ferguson’s Colossus, Financial Times, May 15-16,2004.
45. See Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts (London: Verso, 2001), pp. 7, 311- 12.
46. Joshua Micah Marshall, “Power Rangers,” New Yorker, February 2, 2004.
47. Bernard Porter, The Absent-Minded Imperialists: Empire, Society, and Culture in Britain (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); Ronald Steel, Pax Americana (New York: Viking, 1967), pp. 16-17.
48. Bernard Porter, Empire and Superempire: Britain, America and the World (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), p. 42.
49. Wikipedia, “Michael Ignatieff,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff; Peter C. Newman, “Q&A with Liberal Leadership Contender Michael Ignatieff,” Macleans.ca, April 6, 2006, http://www.macleans.ca/topstories/politics/article.jsp?content=20060410_124769_124769; and Michael Ignatieff, “Lesser Evils,” New York Times Magazine, May 2, 2004, http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/news/opeds/2004/ignatieff_less_evils_nytm_050204.htm.
50. Michael Ignatieff, “The Burden,” New York Times Magazine, January 5, 2003; reprinted in various places under the title “The American Empire (Get Used to It).”
51. Michael Neumann, “Michael Ignatieff, Apostle of He-manitarianism,” Counter- punch, December 8, 2003, which draws its quotations from Ignatieff’s book Empire Lite: Nation Building in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan (London: Vintage UK, 2003).
52. Ferguson, Colossus, p. 169; Empire, p. 267.
53. Quoted by Ferguson, Colossus, p. 220. Also see Roger Owen, Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
54. Quoted by Ferguson, Empire, p. 200.
55. Kevin Baker, “We’re in the Army Now,” Harper’s Magazine, October 2003, p. 43.
56. Eric Foner, “The Lie that Empire Tells Itself,” London Review of Books, May 19, 2005, p. 16.
57. Edward Said, “Jane Austen and Empire” (1990), in The Edward Said Reader, ed. Moustafa Bayoumi and Andrew Rubin (New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 349.
58. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Meridian, 1958), p. 216. The term comes from an unnamed British bureaucrat commenting on what was necessary to keep the population of India docile and under British control.
59. Quoted by Dinesh D’Souza, “In Praise of American Empire,” Christian Science Monitor, April 26, 2002.
60. See John W. Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (New York: WW. Norton, 1999).
61. Foner, “Lie.”
62. The most important compilation of such campaign names is Arkin, Code Names.
63. Quoted by Tony Stephens, “According to the White House this Action is Anything but War,” Sydney Morning Herald, March 21, 2003,
