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Немецкий философ Хартмут Климт (Kliemt Н. The Veil of Insignificance. R 333-344) предложил теорию, которая предсказывает систематические отступления от эгоистического поведения во всех случаях, когда этические нормы могут быть соблюдены минимальной ценой.