115
Информация о капитализации ста наиболее распространенных криптовалют приведена на сайте coinmarketcap.com
116
Paul Vigna, “BitBeat: Dorian Nakamoto Writes a Letter,” Wall Street Journal, Money-Beat blog, March 17, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/03/17/bitbeat-dorian-nakamoto-writes-a-letter/.
117
Andy Greenberg, “Nakamoto’s Neighbor: My Hunt for Bitcoin’s Creator Led to a Paralyzed Crypto Genius,” Forbes, March 25, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/03/25/satoshi-nakamotos-neighbor-the-bitcoin-ghostwriter-who-wasnt/.
118
John Barrett, “Ode to Satoshi (The Official Bitcoin Song),” YouTube, February 13, 2014, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEQ2nPSL5-0.
119
Laura Saggers, “10,000 Bitcoins,” YouTube, March 5, 2014, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIsZyg8OXlI.
120
YTCracker, “Bitcoin Barons,” YouTube, August 4, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIsZyg8OXlI.
121
“BitBeat: China’s Central Bank Means Business,” Wall Street Journal, MoneyBeat blog, April 1, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/04/01/bitbeat-chinas-central-bank-means-business/.
122
Paul Vigna, “BitBeat: Doing Math on Mining,” Wall Street Journal, MoneyBeat blog, April 16, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/04/16/bitbeat-doing-math-on-mining/.
123
Интервью Пола Виньи с Остином и Бесси Крейг 20 октября 2013 года и 28 августа 2014 года.
124
Информация о стоимости большой чашки латте в Нью-Йорке и Осло взята из статьи “More or Less Brew for Your Buck,” Wall Street Journal, March 8, 2013.
125
Годовые отчеты компаний MasterCard и Visa за 2013 год.
126
“Market Shares of Purchase Transactions Worldwide 2013,” Nilson Report, March 2014.
127
Will Craig, “Opportunities Abound as the Web Extends Its Reach Around the World,” 2nd Quarter Report, 2014, Capital Group, http://capitalgrouppcs.com/opportunities-abound-as-the-web-extends-its-reach-around-the-world.html.
128
Интервью Майкла Кейси с Джилом Луриа по телефону 15 апреля 2015 года.
129
“World’s Top 10 Credit Card Issuers,” CNBC.com, April 13, 2013, http://www.cnbc.com/id/36471668.
130
Актуальная статистика доступна на сайте банковских услуг ФРС: http://www.frbservices.org/operations/fedwire/fedwirefundsservicesstatistics.html.
131
Ajay Banga, “Reflections on FI2020– Part 1,” Center for Financial Inclusion blog, October 30, 2013, http://cfi-blog.org/2013/10/30/ajay-banga-reflections-on-fi2020-part-1/.
132
“State of Bitcoin Q2 2014 Report Reveals Expanding Bitcoin Economy,” July 10, 2014, http://www.coindesk.com/state-of-bitcoin-q2-2014-report-expanding-bitcoin-economy/.
133
Интервью Майкла Кейси с Петером Смитом 11 августа 2014 года.
134
Годовые отчеты MasterCard и Visa за 2013 год.
135
Swati Khandelwal, “Hacker Hijacks ISP Networks to Steal $83,000 from Bitcoin Mining Pools,” http://thehackernews.com/2014/08/hacker-hijacks-isp-networks-to-steal7.html.
136
Mohit Kumar, “Facebook Takes Down Bitcoin-Stealing Botnet Th at Infected 250,000 Computers,” Hacker News, July 9, 2014.
137
Tom Gara, “An Expensive Hack Attack: Target’s $148 Million Breach,” August 5, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/08/05/an-expensive-hack-attack-targets-148-million-breach/.
138
Средние цены на галлон бензина по штатам США публикуются Управлением энергетической информации на сайте http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/petprignddcusnusw.htm; цена биткоина взята из CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index, http://www.Coindesk.com/price.
139
David Yermack, “Is Bitcoin a Real Currency?” NBER Working Paper No. 19747, December 2013.
140
CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index.
141
Paul Vigna, “BitBeat: A Bitcoin ‘Flash Crash’ as Volume Spike Briefly Takes Price to $309,” Wall Street Journal, Money-Beat blog, August 18, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/08/18/bitbeat-a-bitcoin-flash-crash-as-volume-spike-briefly-takes-price-to-309/.
142
Mark T. Williams, “Testimony of Mark T. Williams,” New York State Department of Financial Ser vices, January 28–29, 2014, http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/hearings/vc01282014/williams.pdf.
143
Интервью Майкла Сейси с Бобби Ли 19 июля 2014 года.
144
Отчет об исследовании Wedbush Securities от 20 августа 2014 года.
145
Mark McGowan, “The Great Cyprus Bank Robbery by Financial Terrorists,” March 17, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDXtHsz2q6Q.
146
CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index.
147
CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index.
148
John Biggs, “The DEA Seized Bitcoins in a Silk Road Drug Raid,” TechCrunch, June 27, 2013, http://techcrunch.com/2013/06/27/the-dea-seized-bitcoins-in-a-silk-road-drug-raid/.
149
Jessica B. Magee, lead attorney, SEC Complaint, July 23, 2013, http://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/2013/comp-pr2013-132.pdf.
150
Nathaniel Popper and Peter Lattman, “Never Mind Facebook; Winklevoss Twins Rule in Digital Money,” April 11, 2013, New York Times, Dealbook blog, http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/as-big-investors-emerge-bitcoin-gets-ready-for-its-close-up/?php=true&type=blogs&r=0; см. также David Benoit and Andrew R. Johnson, “Winklevoss Twins Launch IPO for Bitcoin-Tracking Stock,” Wall Street Journal, All Things Digital blog, July 1, 2013, http://allthingsd.com/20130701/winklevoss-twins-launch-ipo-for-bitcoin-tracking-stock/.
151
Danny Yadron, “FBI Makes Arrest, Seizes Online Market ‘Silk Road,’” Wall Street Journal, Law blog, October 2, 2013, http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2013/10/02/fbi-makes-arrest-seizes-online-market-silk-road/.
152
Выступление Дженнифер Шаски Калвери в подкомиссии по экономической политике Сената США 19 ноября 2013 года: http://www.fincen.gov/newsroom/testimony/html/20131119.html.
153
Некоторые верят, что в числе первых партию новых компьютеров закупил один из ведущих разработчиков биткоина Джефф Гарзик. Vitalik Buterin, “Working Avalon ASIC Confirmed, Hashing At 68 GH/s,” Bitcoin Magazine, January 31, 2013, http://bitcoinmagazine.com/3231/working-avalon-asic-confirmed/.
154
Max Raskin, “Meet the Bloomberg Millionaires,” Bloomberg Businessweek, April 10, 2013, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-10/meet-the-bitcoin-millionaires.
155
Данные о курсе биткоина можно найти на сайте CoinDesk; данные о – там же: http://www.coinmarketcap.com.
156
Emily Spaven, “BTC–China Beats Mt. Gox and Bitstamp to Become the World’s No. 1 Bitcoin Exchange,” CoinDesk, November 4, 2013, http://www.coindesk.com/btc-china-beats-mt-gox-bitstamp-become-worlds-1-bitcoin-exchange/.
157
Robin Sidel, Chao Deng, and William Horobin, “Central Banks Warn of Bitcoin Risks,” Wall Street Journal, December 5, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303497804579239451297424842.
158
CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index.
159
Christopher M. Matthews and Robin Sidel, “Two Charged in Alleged Bitcoin-Laundering Scheme,” Wall Street Journal, January 27, 2014.
160
Michael Carney, “Mt. Gox Suspends Bitcoin Withdrawals (Temporarily?), Market Falls amid Concerns of Impropriety,” Pando Daily, February 7, 2014, http://pando.com/2014/02/07/mt-gox-suspends-bitcoin-withdrawals-temporarily-market-falls-amid-concerns-of-impropriety/.
161
Robin Sidel, Eleanor Warnock, and Takashi Mochizuki, “Almost Half a Billion Worth of Bitcoins Vanish,” Wall Street Journal, February 28, 2014.
162
Michael J. Casey, “BitBeat: China Dings Bitcoin Again,” Wall Street Journal, Money-Beat blog, April 25, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/04/25/bitbeat-china-dings-bitcoin-again/.
163
John D. Mc-Kinnon and Ryan Tracy, “IRS Says Bitcoin Is Property, Not Currency,” Wall Street Journal, March 25, 2014.
164
Paul Vigna, “NY Financial Regulator Releases Draft of ‘BitLicense’ for Bitcoin Businesses,” Wall Street Journal, MoneyBeat blog, July 17, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/07/17/ny-financial-regulator-releases-draft-of-bitlicense-for-bitcoin-businesses/.
165
Paul Vigna, “BitBeat: BitLicense Gets Extension; Lawsky: ‘We Don’t Have a Monopoly on the Truth,’” Wall Street Journal, MoneyBeat blog, August 21, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/08/21/bitbeat-bitlicense-gets-extension-lawsky-we-dont-have-a-monopoly-on-the-truth/.
166
Michael J. Casey, “Bit-Beat: So Much for That Boring Bitcoin Market,” Wall Street Journal, MoneyBeat blog, August 13, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/08/13/bitbeat-so-much-for-that-boring-bitcoin-market/.
167
Yevgeniy Brikman, “Bitcoin by Analogy,” on Brikman’s blog Don’t Panic, April 24, 2014, http://brikis98.blogspot.com/2014/04/bitcoin-by-analogy.html.
168
Большая часть этих комментариев написана на основе Википедии биткоина на сайте bitcoin.org, а также бесед со многими разработчиками.
169
См. Angela Tung, “10 Whimsical Words Coined by Lewis Carroll,” Week, January 25, 2013, http://theweek.com/article/index/239253/10-whimsical-words-coined-by-lewis-carroll.
170
По данным домашней страницы Blockchain.info на текущий момент, http://blockchain.info.
171
Michael J. Casey, “BitBeat: A Solution to That 10-Minute Transaction Wait?” The Wall Street Journal, MoneyBeat blog, September 5, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/09/05/bitbeat-a-solution-to-that-10-minute-transaction-wait/.
172
Подробности биографии Уэлана взяты из электронной переписки с ним 29 мая и 2 июня 2014 года.
173
Описание деятельности CoinTerra приведено на основе впечатлений Майкла Кейси от визита в компанию 7 июня 2014 года.
174
Информация с сайта Blockchain.info, https://blockchain.info/charts/hash-rate; сравнение с http://www.bitcoinwatch.com/ и http://www.top500.org.
175
См., например, Mark Gimein, “Virtual Bitcoin Mining Is a Real-World Environmental Disaster,” Bloomberg, April 12, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-12/virtual-bitcoin-mining-is-a-real-world-environmental-disaster.html.
176
Методология BitCarbon Гая Лейна рассматривается на сайте http://www.bitcarbon.org/bitcarbon/.
177
Обсуждение устаревших оценок энергопотребления на сайте http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Talk: Bitcoin/Archive1#Outdatedenergy_consumption_estimate.
178
Michael J. Casey, “BitBeat: For Bitcoin Miners, a Hot Problem This Summer,” Wall Street Journal, Money-Beat blog, April 29, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/04/29/bitbeat-for-bitcoin-miners-a-hot-problem-this-summer/.
179
Paul Krugman,“Adam Smith Hates Bitcoin,” New York Times, Conscience of a Liberal blog, April 12, 2013, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/adam-smith-hates-bitcoin/.
180
Сообщение о раздвоении блокчейна появилось в ветке #bitcoin-devlist форума биткойнеров 11 марта 2013 года. Сайт http://bitcoinstats.com/irc/bitcoin-dev/logs/2013/03/11.
181
Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoin Network Shaken by Blockchain Fork,” Bitcoin Magazine, March 12, 2013, http://bitcoinmagazine.com/3668/bitcoin-network-shaken-by-blockchain-fork/.
182
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