Dixie Alley, 177–79, 206
Doppler on Wheels (DOW), 90, 114, 116, 134, 163, 214, 215–17, 251
advantage of, 131–32
El Reno tornado data captured by, 216–17, 227
Doppler radar, 7, 56, 116, 225
first tornado scan by, 51–52
shortcomings of, 53, 57, 70, 90, 115, 214
Double Creek Estates, 2, 3–4, 238–39
Driven by Passion, 126, 150
Driven by Passion II, 150–51
dry line, 28, 69, 199, 201, 203
EF4 tornadoes, 4, 6, 77, 87, 103, 105, 106, 110, 161, 179, 184, 185, 193, 197, 249, 252
see also Bowdle tornado; Manchester tornado
EF5 tornadoes, 4–6, 7, 36, 56, 103, 105, 110, 133–34, 179, 192–93, 198, 252, 253
violent destruction caused by, 4, 5, 193, 194–95
see also Moore tornado
El Reno tornado (2013), 198, 208–32, 251–53
convergent wind conditions in, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204
deaths in, 224, 227–28, 231, 232
footage captured in, 207, 223–24, 226, 227, 230, 236
forecasters in tracking formation of, 199, 200–201, 202–4, 206
Garfield’s retracing of Tim’s movements in, 236–39
limited visibility in, 219, 220, 221, 226, 229
massive size of, 210, 213, 216, 222, 224, 226, 231, 232, 238, 240
radar data on, 204, 216–17, 227, 231–32, 240
Robinson in, 226, 227, 228, 229–30, 236
subvortex of, 215, 216–17, 223, 224, 227–28, 229, 230, 231, 237, 238, 239
suction vortices of, 223, 231–32
sudden growth of, 208, 226
Tim’s crushed sedan found in aftermath of, 233–35, 240
Tim’s tracking in buildup of, 205–8
unconventional track of, 209, 212, 219, 220, 225–26, 237
unique traits of, 214–15, 217, 220, 223, 225, 231
violent wind velocities of, 211, 213, 217, 226–27, 228, 231, 232, 238
warnings issued for, 201–2, 203, 204
Weather Channel crew caught in, 222–24, 227
E-Turtle probes, 57, 64
explosives testing, 21–23, 73, 109, 180
Finley, Cathy, 119–23, 125, 132, 133, 134, 136, 142, 143, 144, 157, 161–62, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 185, 197, 242, 253
Bowdle tornado and, 162, 163, 165, 169–70
Quinter tornado and, 137–40, 146, 153, 237
RFDs as point of interest for, 122, 125, 153, 171, 237
Fox, Erik, 235–36
Front Range, 11, 16, 174, 248
funnels, 16, 20, 34, 39, 52, 56, 78, 83, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 103, 119, 138, 147, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 176, 190, 192, 208, 209, 213, 214, 220
Gallus, William, 89–91, 106, 111–13, 125, 143, 157, 181
Tim’s partnership with, 112–13, 123, 134, 154–55, 180
wind-speed data sought by, 155, 157
Garfield, Gabe, 235–39, 240, 246, 250
Geary, Okla., 49, 131–32, 214
Gerten, Doug, 233–35, 239–40
Golden, Joe, 63, 110
Grubb, Ed, 151, 156–57, 163, 164, 176, 178, 179, 189–90, 192, 193, 235, 242, 244, 248
Grzych, Matt, 162, 165, 166–67, 170, 171, 175, 177, 178, 179
hail cores, 16, 39, 83–85, 144, 211, 230
Hardened In Situ Tornado Pressure Recorder (HITPR), 58–65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 79, 91, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 121, 125, 136, 141, 156, 158, 198, 250
camera outfitted on, 101
close proximity to storms required for, 65, 78, 83–84, 88
data sensors and recorder in, 60, 61–62, 65, 78, 86, 87, 100, 105–6, 110, 141, 153–54, 155, 257
funding of development and missions of, 64–65, 75, 92, 96, 112, 113
lift- and drag-resistant design of, 59–60, 61, 64
lighter, smaller size of, 60, 61, 63, 155
Manchester tornado deployment of, 99–102, 103–5, 120, 257, 258
meteorological community’s skepticism of, 81, 91, 106, 117
mission crews recruited for, 75–76
Quinter tornado and, 141–42
Stratford tornado and, 83–87, 88
Tim’s engineering background useful for, 58–59, 61, 62, 65, 73
Tipton tornado and, 147–49, 152, 153–54
2002 storm-chasing mission of, 74–78
untouchable frontier measured by, 106, 109, 110, 112, 155
useful data collected by, 87, 105–6, 110, 112–13, 155, 171
Woonsocket tornado and, 94, 95–96
Heyman, Roy, 59–60, 61, 64
hook echo, 51, 124, 157, 204, 211
humidity sensors, 54, 57, 60, 61, 62, 106, 110, 158, 242
Huntsville tornado (1989), 36–38
Hyperion Technology, 181–84
“Inside Tornadoes” (NatGeo expedition), 66–72
in situ probes, 54, 56–57, 58, 59, 64, 87, 90, 110, 115, 116, 123, 130, 135, 157, 181, 196, 236, 250, 251, 253
HITPR, see Hardened In Situ Tornado Pressure Recorder
TOTO project, see Totable Tornado Observatory (TOTO)
in VORTEX2 project, see VORTEX2 project
see also media probes; TOWER; specific in situ probe projects
instrumentation engineers, 21, 22, 23
intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), 59–60, 61
Iowa State University, 89, 111, 112, 123, 126, 142, 154, 175, 180
Jarrell tornado (1997), 1–4, 7, 63, 162, 186, 238–39
Jayden (Tim’s grandson), 243–44
Joplin, Mo., 4–6
Kansas, 32, 39, 45, 46, 68, 93, 174, 178, 183, 189, 195, 196, 197, 198, 203, 244
Karstens, Chris, 139, 140, 142–44, 162–63, 164
Kiesling, Doug, 145, 146
Lakewood, Colo., 19, 24–25, 70, 73–74, 128, 150, 174, 240, 241, 242, 245, 247
Last Chance tornado (1993), 11–14, 15–17, 31, 54, 83, 219
Laubach, Tony, 139, 144, 151, 163, 168, 170, 175, 176, 177, 178, 248
Lee, Bruce, 119, 120–22, 123, 132, 133, 134, 136, 142, 143, 144, 145–46, 148, 157, 161–62, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 185, 197, 242, 250, 253
Bowdle tornado and, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167–68, 169, 170
Quinter tornado and, 137–40, 146, 153, 237
RFDs as point of interest for, 122, 125, 153, 167, 170, 171, 237
Lee, Julian, 61, 64, 65, 75, 76, 77, 109–10, 113, 115, 120
Lightning Intercept Vehicle (LIV), 183–84, 185, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 206, 243
lightning research, 182–84, 185, 193, 195–96, 197–98, 206, 243, 244
Lipscomb tornado (1995), 31–32, 75
Lyons, Walter, 182–83, 185, 196, 197–98
McMillan, Ben, 34, 194, 242, 248
Manchester, S.Dak., 98, 255–56, 257–58
Manchester tornado (2003), 96–106, 112, 120, 122, 123, 128, 169, 186, 206, 219, 250, 251, 256, 258
destruction caused by, 98, 102–3, 104, 105, 110, 257
HITPR’s data collection in, 105–6, 110, 112–13, 171, 257
Yost farmstead demolished by, 102–3, 104, 105, 106, 120, 256–57, 258
Manitoba, Canada, 133–34
Marshall, Tim, 239, 251
media probes, 101, 103, 125, 136, 141, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 173
footage gathered by, 142–43, 148–49, 157
Tim’s development of, 113–14, 117, 158
see also TOWER
mesocyclones, 28, 50, 51, 82, 120, 122, 124, 137, 138, 164–65, 168–69, 205, 207, 214, 232, 237, 240
multiple-vortex (MVMC), 83–86, 87, 131–32, 165, 166, 208, 223, 227, 231–32
see also thunderstorms; tornadoes
mesonet stations, 45, 53, 67, 71, 74, 115, 130, 135, 199, 242
mobile, 119, 121, 122, 136, 137, 140, 151, 153, 157, 161, 162, 163–64, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 196, 197, 216, 244
meteorologists, meteorology, 1, 53, 64, 124, 125, 126, 222, 235
skepticism for Tim’s HITPR mission among, 81, 91, 106, 117
see also tornado science and research; weather forecasting
Minnesota, 68, 70, 71, 93, 94, 120, 197, 242
mobile mesonets,
