2 Singh 1996.
3 Anderson 1991.
4 Chatterjee 2014.
5 Anderson 1998.
6 Islam 2002; Nehru 2016.
7 Jaffrelot 2016b.
8 Jaffrelot 2016a.
9 Golwalkar 1966.
10 Rashid 2016.
11 For example, the 2016 draft of the National Policy of Education opens with the statement that Vedic education is the earliest form of education, which may be factually incorrect (Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy 2016).
12 I have elaborated more on this topic in Chapter 7 titled ‘Values’.
13 Vajpeyi 2014.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid. Vajpeyi, an Oxford and University of Chicago–educated Sanskrit reader who has taught at universities in New York and Boston, reminisces how as a young woman researcher she read Sanskrit in India with pandits and professors at mathas, Sanskrit colleges, oriental institutes and Sanskrit departments of universities, and the challenges she faced in doing so. She also describes the blatant attack on her by a well-known Sanskrit professor in Maharashtra who told her that only ‘perverted women’ became scholars.
16 Pandey 2017.
17 Author’s interview with architect Rajat Sodhi, 25 April 2017.
18 Shyam Narayan Chouksey vs Union of India, Writ Petition Civil no 855/2016, 20 November 2016. On 30 November 2016, the Supreme Court ordered all cinemas across the country, to play the national anthem, before movies (Rajagopal 2016). However on 23 October 2017 the Supreme Court said that people do not need to stand up in cinema halls to prove their patriotism, asking the Centre to consider amending the rules that regulate playing of the national anthem before a movie (NDTV 2017).
19 Barry 2016.
20 Jaffrelot 2016a.
21 Dasgupta and Guha 2013.
22 Here, I am referring to Article 48 of the Indian Constitution, which restricts or bans cow slaughter in twenty-four out of twenty-nine Indian states. See more on this in Chapter 15 titled ‘Freedom’.
23 Naidu 2017.
24 Vajpeyi 2012, xv.
1 Sen 2005.
2 Drèze and Sen 2013, 258.
3 Guha 2016, 46.
4 Huntington 1993, 9.
5 Rawls 2001, 359.
6 Guha 2016, 91.
7 The Economist 2014.
8 BBC 2011.
9 Wright 2016.
10 Higgins and Kanter 2015.
11 Guha 2016, 46–49.
12 Varma 2005, 47.
13 Kakar and Kakar 2007, 21.
14 State of UP vs Raj Narain & Ors on 24 January 1975. 1975 AIR 865; 1975 SCR (3) 333.
15 Das 2002, 307.
16 Ibid, 173.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid, 172–173.
19 BBC News 2014.
20 Researchgate 2012.
21 Jaffrelot 1996.
22 Jaffrelot 2017.
23 Ernesto Laclau (1935–2014) was an Argentine political theorist whose work focused on issues such as the importance of building popular movements and the possibility of revolution. Laclau’s most significant book is Hegemony and the Socialist Strategy, co-authored with Chantal Mouffe in 1985.
24 Jaffrelot 2017.
25 Drèze and Sen 2013, 258.
1 Kumar 2011, 1.
2 Dalrymple 2015.
3 Identity withheld.
4 Nelson 2014.
5 Janardhanan 2017.
6 Census of India 2011.
7 Lopez 1995.
8 Ibid, 4.
9 See Chapter 1 titled ‘Survival’.
10 Lopez 1995, 18.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid, 11.
13 Time 2008.
14 Indiatoday.in 2016; NDTV 2009.
15 News Minute 2017.
16 There are several versions of this story about Bibi Nanchari and Lord Venkateshwara.
17 Cantegreil, Chanana and Kattumuri 2013.
18 TTD News, 2016. Conversion rate as of 17 August 2017.
19 Parrish 2016.
20 Indian Express 2017.
21 TTD News 2016.
22 Times of India 2009.
23 Business Today 2016.
24 See more on this topic in Chapter 8 titled ‘Nationalism’.
1 Doing Business 2018.
2 Plush 2017.
3 Economic Times 2016.
4 While India’s GDP growth rate in the period 1960–2000 averaged 4.5 per cent, the average GDP growth rate thereafter, until 2015, was 7.198 per cent, making India the seventh largest economy by GDP in the world. As of 2016, India has one of the fastest-growing service sectors in the world and the manufacturing industry is expanding, contributing to almost a quarter of India’s GDP (Khan 2016).
5 Sengupta 2016.
6 Drèze and Sen 2013, 110.
7 Boyden and Dercon 2012, 3.
8 The enrolment ratio of girls as a percentage of boys is calculated by the girls’ enrolment ratio divided by that of boys as a percentage. The enrolment ratio is the number of children enrolled in a schooling level divided by the population of the age group that officially corresponds to that level (UNICEF 2013).
9 UNICEF 2013.
10 Catalyst 2017.
11 UNICEF 2013.
12 Shyamsunder, Pollack and Travis 2015, 5.
13 See Chapter 2 titled ‘Evolution’.
14 Sengupta 2016.
15 Hussain 2014.
16 Ibid. This is not the opinion of the author of this book.
17 Business Standard 2017.
18 New York Times 2008; Jacob and Balakrishnan 2016.
19 Including transaction costs, the deal cost Daiichi $4.98 billion with a recorded goodwill of $4.17 billion (UK Essays 2015).
20 Eban 2013.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid. This is not the opinion of the author of this book.
23 Ibid.
24 Kalbag 2013.
25 Ibid.
26 Goyal 2009.
27 The Coal Mines (Nationalization) Amendment Act, 1993, passed in June 1993, allowed Indian companies engaged in the generation of power, as well as iron and steel producers, to engage in coal mining for their captive use (Rai 2014); Hindustan Times 2012.
28 Draft CAG report 2011–12.
29 Ibid, 34.
30 Performance Audit of Allocation of Coal Blocks and Augmentation of Coal Production 2012–13, 30.
31 India News Tickr 2012.
32 Standing Committee on Coal and Steel report 2012–13.
33 The Hindu 2014a.
34 The Hindu 2014b.
35 Economic Times 2014.
36 Ibid.
37 Firstpost 2016.
1 Data as of 2001 (World Population Review 2017).
2 Agrawal 2017.
3 Daily Mail 2016.
4 Agrawal 2017.
5 In 2000, India’s richest 1 per cent owned 36.8 per cent of the country’s wealth, while the share of the top 10 per cent was 65.9 per cent. Since then, they have steadily increased their share of the pie. In 2017, the share of the top 1 per cent is 53 per cent.
6 Times of India 2017.
7 Gupta 2000.
8 See Chapter 7 titled ‘Values’.
9 Ibid.
10 Ashforth and Anand 2003.
11 Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992, 13; Graaf 2007, 71.
12 Times of India 2007.
13 DiRienzo et al. 2007.
14 Chatterji 2012, 96.
15 Ibid.
16 Giri 2011.
17 Government of India 2014.
18 Hindustan Times 2017.
19 Pring 2017.
20 Ibid.
21 Manish 2016.
22 Worstall 2016.
23 Financial Express 2016.
24 News World India 2016.
1 World Bank 2016.
2 See Chapter 10 titled ‘Religion’.
3 Albert 1995, 15.
4 Rukmani 2011, 184.
5 Nicolis and Prigogine
