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Gluck
Her Biography
Diana Souhami
CONTENTS
1. ‘Gluck, no prefix, no quotes’
PART ONE: REBELLION 1895–1936
2. ‘The Family’
3. Stage and country
4. Bolton House
5. White flowers
6. The Gluck Frame
PART TWO: LOVE 1936–1944
7. ‘YouWe’
8. Roots and brambles
9. Blaze with a fire
10. The Queen wore peacock blue
11. ‘The brind and the wheeze’
12. The war effort
13. The war within
PART THREE: THE FACTS OF LIFE 1945–1978
14. The eternal triangle
15. Yeats’s bones
16. Cosmic injustice
17. The paint war
18. Lacuna
19. A retrospective view
20. The dying of the light
Image gallery
Notes
Bibliography
Works illustrated
Index
Acknowledgments
About the Author
‘I really do want to do some good and lovely work before I die’
Gluck in a letter to Nesta Obermer, 1936.
ONE
‘GLUCK: NO PREFIX, NO QUOTES’
On the backs of photographic prints of her paintings, sent out for publicity purposes, she always wrote in her elegant handwriting: ‘Please return in good condition to Gluck, no prefix, suffix, or quotes.’ She pronounced her chosen name with a short vowel sound to rhyme with, say, cluck, or duck. She was born Hannah Gluckstein in 1895, into the family that founded the J. Lyons & Co. catering empire, but seldom wanted her wealthy family connections or hated patronymic known.
To Nesta Obermer, her blonde alter ego in ‘Medallion’, a painting of their merged profiles, she was ‘Darling Tim’, or ‘My bestest darling Timothy Alf’, or ‘My Black Brat’. Romaine Brooks, twenty years her senior, did a portrait of her in 1924 called ‘Peter – a Young English Girl’. To one at least of her admirers she was ‘Dearest Rabbitskinsnootchbunsnoo’. To Edith Shackleton Heald, the journalist with whom she lived for close on forty years, she was ‘Dearest Grub’. To her family she was ‘Hig’. To her servants and the tradespeople she was Miss Gluck and to the art world and in her heart she was simply Gluck.
The reason she gave for choosing to be known by this austere monosyllable was that the paintings mattered, not the sex of the painter. She said she thought it sensible to follow the example of artists like Whistler and use a symbol by way of identification. More fundamentally, she had no inclination to conform to society’s expectations of womanly behaviour and she wanted to sever herself, but not entirely, from her family.
Gluck she was, and could and did become high-handed and litigious in so being. Many were confused and bewildered as to how to address her with courtesy. She had an irritated exchange with her bank when an unwitting clerk fed her name into the computer as Miss H. Gluck. A graphic designer, faced with the uncomfortable visual dilemma of trying to make GLUCK look comprehensible on the letterhead of stationery for an art society which featured her, along with the Bishop of Chichester and Duncan Grant as its Vice Presidents, stuck in an ameliorating Miss. Gluck resigned and insisted on the inking out of her name. When Weidenfeld & Nicolson published a minor novel which featured an eccentric fictional vagabond called Glück with an umlaut, who lived in a lodging house and painted pictures of defunct clocks and bus tickets, they found themselves besieged with solicitor’s letters.1 Gluck regarded any encroachment on her chosen name as trespass liable for prosecution.
Throughout her adult life she dressed in men’s clothes, pulled the wine corks and held the door for true ladies to pass first. An acquaintance, seeing her dining alone, remarked that she looked like the ninth Earl, a description which she liked. She had a last for her shoes at John Lobb’s the Royal bootmakers, got her shirts from Jermyn Street, had her hair cut at Truefitt gentlemen’s hairdressers in Old Bond Street, and blew her nose on large linen handkerchiefs monogrammed with a G. In the early decades of this century, when men alone wore the trousers, her appearance made heads turn. Her father, a conservative and conventional man, was utterly dismayed by her ‘outré clobber’, her mother referred to a ‘kink in the brain’ which she hoped would pass, and both were uneasy at going to the theatre in 1918 with Gluck wearing a wide Homburg hat and long blue coat, her hair cut short and a dagger hanging at her belt.
In 1916 when Gluck was breaking from her family home and staying with the Newlyn School of painters in Lamorna, Cornwall, Alfred Munnings sketched her smoking her pipe and dressed as a gypsy. The society photographer E. O. Hoppé, who encouraged her to stage her first exhibition in 1924, featured a series of photographs of her, along with Mussolini, Ellen Terry and Bernard Shaw, in The Royal Magazine in December 1926:
I am often asked what I see in the face of my sitters. My answer is: ‘I see what I seek – beauty.’ Gluck’s facial contour indicates the qualities expressed in her paintings, combining force and decision with the sensitiveness of the visionary. To look at her face is to understand both her success as an artist and the fact that she dresses as a man. Originality, determination, strength of character and artistic insight are expressed in every line.
He seemed to imply that such qualities are quintessentially masculine. And Gluck regarded peacefulness and mystery as female attributes and strength and genius as male.
In company her appearance and manner were riveting. She was authoritative, had a quality of stillness, a clear voice and no social embarrassment. She liked the discomfort her cross-dressing caused and enjoyed recounting examples of it, like the occasion in the 1930s when she arrived with a theatre party at the Trocadero Restaurant, owned by J. Lyons & Co., to be told no table was free. She pulled rank and gave her family name. ‘’Ere,’ the doorman said,’ ‘’e say’s she’s Miss Gluckstein.’ Influenced by Constance Spry, with whom she
