He might have brought other proofs in support of his opinion, as the scandal which the Beast had brought upon the papal court, and as arrogating to itself the keys of Heaven, etc. in which Ariosto (who, as has been said, though a Catholic, was no Papist) manifestly satirizes the sale of indulgences. To this it may be observed, that many of the hunters seem only to be remarkable for their notable liberality. ↩
The citadel of Milan, as we are told. ↩
This Bernardo was a cardinal, and author of the comedy called Calandra. Though not born at Bibbiena, a town of Tuscany, he derived his name from this city which he had long inhabited, and was styled il Bibbiena. His paternal name was Divizio. His designation is well known to those conversant with Italian literature. ↩
Three distinguished cardinals, Sigismondo Gonzaga, Giovanni Salviati, and Lewis of Arragon. ↩
Francis Gonzaga was second of the name, and fourth of the series of Marquises of Mantua. He was much distinguished by his warlike accomplishments as captain of the Venetians, and had a yet better title to respect for the fidelity with which he adhered to his engagements with that people. His son Frederick was also a distinguished leader, and captain general of the Roman church and of the Florentine republic. It has been said that this man, and all who are cited by the poet as hunters of the beast, had the character of liberality. ↩
The brother-in-law of Francesco Gonzaga was Alphonso of Este, duke of Ferrara. The son-in-law, who was duke of Urbino, was Francesco Maria della Rovere, nephew of Pope Julius the second, who procured him his wife and his dukedom. ↩
Guidobaldo the second, afterwards duke of Urbino, son of Francesco Maria. ↩
Of these names were two noble youths, brothers of the family of Flischi at Genoa, of whom Ottobon was an ecclesiastic. These retired into voluntary exile, that they might not draw a war upon their country by a private enmity which they had incurred. ↩
Luigi Gonzaga, surnamed Rodomont for his valour, was the son of Ludovico Gonzaga, and called Gazalo from a castle which he held. ↩
One Hippolytus the cardinal to whom the poet dedicates his book; the other, son of Alphonso duke of Ferrara, likewise a cardinal. The Hercules were, Hercules Gonzaga, the father of Alphonso duke of Ferrara, and Hercules Gonzaga, cardinal of Mantua. The last Hippolytus was of the family of Medicis, and a cardinal; who died by poison, much lamented for his many virtues. ↩
The brother of Lorenzo of Medicis who lost his life by assassination. His son was Pope Clement VII, born a few days after his father’s death. ↩
Brother to the duke of Mantua, at one time viceroy of the island of Sicily, and afterwards lieutenant of the duchy of Milan, and general of the imperial army. ↩
The famous Andrew Doria, of Genoa. ↩
The second Francisco Sforza, son of Ludovico il Moro, who obtained the duchy of Milan. ↩
This noble family of the Avali came from Spain, and were of great repute and antiquity. ↩
Marquis of Pescara, and son of Alphonso. He was a great commander, and prosperous in every undertaking except at Ravenna, where he was taken prisoner after receiving many wounds. To the study of arms he joined the embellishment of letters; and while prisoner with the French, addressed to his wife Vittoria an elegant dialogue on love. He died in the flower of his age. ↩
By the Italians Vasto, cousin to the before-named Francesco, and no less an ornament to the house of Avali. ↩
Was born at Cordova in Andalusia, of an ancient and noble family. By his assistance Ferdinand conquered the city of Granada and the kingdom of Naples. He gained the title of Great, and at last died of a fever, in the 72nd year of his age, in the year 1515. ↩
William the third marquis of Monferrato, who was rich in every accomplishment of mind and body, and who also died in the flower of his age. ↩
Rodomont. ↩
It must be recollected that women rode astride, and that the saddles, formerly in use, with a high elevation before and behind, secured the rider as in a box. ↩
Mandricardo and Rodomont. ↩
Rogero and Marphisa. ↩
Orlando and Rinaldo. ↩
It may perhaps be well to repeat that in an earlier period of society, skill in physic was often ascribed to magic. Some traces of this may be still found in our medical nomenclature, as in the word carminative, derived from carmen (a charm): and in fact such a belief still lurks in the caste which we may suppose in some points most resembles the general composition of society in an earlier age. Witness the cure of agues by charms, etc. etc. ↩
The reader is to recollect that the attack was made on the Christian camp, and that the assailants were penetrating through this to the Moorish camp. ↩
Mandricardo. ↩
Rinaldo.
