141. Ibid. , pp. 442--443, Table 17.
142. Ibid. , pp. 285--286, 288.
143. Ibid. , p. 251.
144. Ibid. , p. 419.
145. Ibid. , pp. 337--339.
146. Ibid. , pp. 360--361.
147. Ibid. , pp. 369--370.
148. Ibid. , p. 369.
149. Ibid. , p. 371.
150. Ibid. , p. 358.
151. Ibid. , pp. 378--379.
152. Ibid. , p. 380.
153. Ibid. , pp. 441--442.
154. Bettelheim, op. cit. , p. 66.
155. R. W. Davies, The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia II: The Soviet Collective Farm, 1929--1930 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1980), pp. 13--14.
156. Bettelheim, op. cit. , p. 73.
157. Davies, op. cit. , p. 15.
158. Ibid. , pp. 20--21.
159. Ibid. , pp. 25, 27.
160. Ibid. , pp. 16--18.
161. Ibid. , p. 28--29.
162. Ibid. , pp. 29, 32.
163. Bettelheim, op. cit. , pp. 102, 112.
164. Ibid. , pp. 61--65.
165. Ibid. , pp. 67--68.
166. Ibid. , pp. 76--78.
167. Progres, op. cit. , p. 142.
168. Bettelheim, op. cit. , p. 74.
169. Ibid.
170. Ibid. , p. 82.
171. Ibid. , p. 89.
172. Ibid. , p. 93.
173. Ibid. , p. 113, n. 1.
174. Ibid. , p. 83, 90.
175. Ibid. , p. 85.
176. Ibid. , pp. 113--114.
177. Zinoviev, op. cit. , p. 53.
178. Ibid. , p. 56.
179. Ibid. , p. 236.
180. Stefan Merl, ,,Ausrottung«« der Bourgeoisie und der Kulaken in Sowjetruss land? Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 (1987), p. 368.
181. Ibid. , p. 376.
182. Merl, op. cit. , p. 377.
183. Ibid.
184. Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivisation and the Terror-Famine (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 306. Stefan Merl, Wie viele Opfer forderte die ,,Liquidierung der Kulaken als Klasse««? Geschichte und Gesellschaft 14 (1988), p. 534.
185. Ibid. , p. 535.
186. Ibid. , p. 537.
187. Nicolas Werth, «Goulag: les vrais chiffres». L»Histoire 169 (September 1993), pp. 38--51. More details can be found in J. Arch Getty, Gabor T. Rittersporn and Viktor N. Zemskov. Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-war Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence. The America Historical Review, October 1993, pp. 1017--1049.
188. Werth, op. cit. , p. 44.
189. Conquest, op. cit. , p. 306.
190. Time, 18 October 1993, European edition, p. 50. Translated from the French translation.
1. Douglas Tottle, Fraud, Famine and Fascism: The Ukrainian Genocide Myth from Hitler to Harvard (Toronto: Progress Books, 1987), pp. 5--6.
2. The Nation 140 (36), 13 March 1935, quoted in Tottle, op. cit. , p. 8.
3. Tottle, op. cit. , p. 9.
4. James Casey, Daily Worker, 21 February 1935, quoted in Tottle, op. cit. , p. 9.
5. Tottle, op. cit. , pp. 13, 15.
6. Ibid. , pp. 19--21.
7. Ibid. , pp. 23--24.
8. Ibid. , p. 25.
9. Ibid. , pp. 4--31.
10. Ibid. , pp. 38--44.
11. Ibid. , p. 41.
12. New York Times, quoted in Tottle, op. cit. , p. 50.
13. Tottle, op. cit. , p. 51.
14. Ibid. , p. 61.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid. , pp. 69--71.
17. Ibid. , p. 71.
18. Ibid. , p. 74.
19. Ibid. , p. 79.
20. Ibid. , p. 86.
21. Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow, op. cit. , p. 334.
22. Tottle, op. cit. , pp. 111-112.
23. Ibid. , p. 112.
24. Ibid. , p. 113.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid. , p. 115.
27. Ibid. , p. 118.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid. , pp. 121--122.
30. Ibid. , p. 122.
31. Ibid. , p. 128.
32. Ibid. , p. 129.
33. Ibid. , pp. 58--59.
34. J. Arch Getty, Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933--1938 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 5.
35. Tottle, op. cit. , pp. 93--94.
36. Ibid. , p. 94.
37. Ibid. , p. 91.