Al Capone Shines My Shoes

[3] ROY CHANDLER AND E. F. CHANDLER, Alcatraz : The Hardest Years: 1934-1938 (Jacksonville, N.C., Iron Brigade Armory Publishers, 1989), 127.

[4] SHARON HALLER lived on Alcatraz Island from 1960-1963.

[5] GEORGE DEVINCENZI lived and worked on Alcatraz Island from 1950-1957. Interviewed at his home in San Francisco on October 25, 2005.

[6] BILL DOLBY, Alcatraz Alumni Association Newsletter 1996.

[7] CHUCK STUCKER, island resident from 1940-1943 and from 1948-1953, former Alcatraz Alumni president and noted Alcatraz historian and archivist. Interviewed November 14, 2005.

[8] JOLENE BABYAK, Eyewitness on Alcatraz: True Stories of Families Who Live on the Rock (Berkeley, Calif.: Ariel Vamp Press, 1996), 20

[9] STUCKER, interviewed November 14, 2005 and June 6, 2006 at his home in Dixon, Calif.

[10] In the fictional world of Al Capone Shines My Shoes, I changed the timing of the counts to every hour.

[11] MICHAEL ESSLINGER, Alcatraz: A Definitive History of the Penitentiary Years (San Francisco: Ocean View Publishing, 2008), 127.

[12] STUCKER, spoke with Barbara Johnston at her home a few months before she died.

[13] BILL DOLBY, e-mail dated February 8, 2006.

[14] CLIFFORD FISH, guard on Alcatraz from 1938-1962. Videotaped interview held in the Alcatraz archives of Chuck Stucker. Viewed on April 1, 2008.

[15] FREDERICK R. BECHDOLT, “ The Rock,” Saturday Evening Post (November 2, 1935), 5.

[16] FRANK J. TAYLOR, “ Alcatraz: Pen for the Toughest,” Colliers, (July 25, 1936), 11.

[17] JAMES A. JOHNSTON, Alcatraz Island Prison: And the Men Who Live There (Douglas/Ryan Communication, 1999), 44.

[18] ESSLINGER, Alcatraz , 141

[19] ROBERT J. SCHOENBERG, Mr. Capone: The Real-and Complete-Story of Al Capone (New York: Quill/William Morrow, 1992), 332.

[20] JOHNSTON, Alcatraz Island Prison, 40

[21] ESSLINGER, Alcatraz, 144

[22] MARK DOUGLAS BROWN, Capone: Life Behind Bars at Alcatraz (San Francisco: Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, 2004) 35. Letter from convict #97 to Al Capone’s brother, Ralph.

[23] PHYLLIS (HESS) TWINNEY lived on Alcatraz Island from 1934-1939. Interviewed by phone on December 6, 2005.

[24] STUCKER, interviewed April 1, 2008.

[25] FISH, videotaped interview held in the Alcatraz archives of Chuck Stucker. Viewed on April 1, 2008.

[26] http://www.toothbrushexpress.com/html/floss_history.html

[27] MARILYN TOWER OLIVER, Alcatraz Prison in American History (Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, 1998)

[28] Alcatraz Alumni Newsletter, July 1993.