God of War: The Epic Story of Alexander the Great

For all the members of the SGA

1980–1987

Have you any idea

What we’re like to fight against?

Our sort make their dinner

Off sharp swords

We swallow blazing torches

For a savoury snack!

Then, by way of dessert,

They bring us, not nuts, but broken arrows, and splintered spear shafts.

For pillows we have our shields and breastplates,

Arrows and slings lie under our feet, and for wreaths we wear catapults

Mnesimachus, Philip

GLOSSARY

Airyanam

(Avestan) – Noble, heroic.

Aspis

(Classical Greek) – A large round shield, deeply dished, commonly carried by Greek (but not Macedonian) hoplites.

Baqca

(Siberian) – Shaman, mage, dream-shaper.

Chiton

(Classical Greek) – A garment like a tunic, made from a single piece of fabric folded in half and pinned down the side, then pinned again at the neck and shoulders and belted above the hips. A men’s chiton might be worn long or short. Worn very short, or made of a small piece of cloth, it was sometimes called a chitoniskos. Our guess is that most chitons were made from a piece of cloth roughly 60 x 90 inches, and then belted or roped to fit, long or short. Pins, pleating, and belting could be simple or elaborate. Most of these garments would, in Greece, have been made of wool. In the East, linen might have been preferred.

Chlamys

(Classical Greek) – A garment like a cloak, made from a single piece of fabric woven tightly and perhaps even boiled. The chlamys was usually pinned at the neck and worn as a cloak, but could also be thrown over the shoulder and pinned under the right or left arm and worn as a garment. Free men are sometimes shown naked with a chlamys, but rarely shown in a chiton without a chlamys – the chlamys, not the chiton, was the essential garment, or so it appears. Men and women both wear the chlamys, although differently. Again, a 60 x 90 inch piece of cloth seems to drape correctly and have the right lines and length.

Daimon

(Classical Greek) – Spirit.

Ephebe

(Classical Greek) – A new hoplite; a young man just training to join the forces of his city.

Epilektoi

(Classical Greek) – The chosen men of the city or of the phalanx; elite soldiers.

Eudaimia

(Classical Greek) – Well-being. Literally, ‘well-spirited’. See daimon, above.

Gamelia

(Classical Greek) – A Greek holiday.

Gorytos

(Classical Greek and possibly Scythian) – The open-topped quiver carried by the Scythians, often highly decorated.

Hetaera

(Classical Greek) – A female companion. Usually a courtesan.

Hetaeroi

(Classical Greek) – Literally, male companions. In Alexander’s army, the Royal Companions, or Guard Cavalry.

Himation

(Classical Greek) – A heavy garment consisting of a single piece of cloth at least 120 x 60 inches, draped over the body and one shoulder, worn by both men and women.

Hipparch

(Classical Greek) – The commander of the cavalry.

Hippeis

(Classical Greek) – Militarily, the cavalry of a Greek army. Generally, the cavalry class, synonymous with ‘knights’. Usually the richest men in a city.

Hoplite

(Classical Greek) – A Greek soldier, the heavy infantry who carry an aspis and fight in the phalanx. They represent the middle class of free men in most cities, and while sometimes they seem like medieval knights in their outlook, they are also like town militia, and made up of craftsmen and small farmers. In the early Classical period, a man with as little as twelve acres under cultivation could be expected to own the aspis and serve as a hoplite.

Hoplomachos

(Classical Greek) – A man who taught fighting in armour.

Hypaspitoi

(Classical Greek) – In the archaic, a squire, or possibly a servant, who fought ‘under the shield’. A shield bearer. In the army of Alexander, an elite corps of infantry – Alexander’s bodyguard.

Hyperetes

(Classical Greek) – The Hipparch’s trumpeter, servant, or supporter. Perhaps a sort of non-commissioned officer.

Kithara

(Classical Greek) – A musical instrument like a lyre.

Kline

(Classical Greek) – A couch or bed on which Hellenic men and women took meals and perhaps slept as well.

Kopis