Ibid.

9.

Ibid.

10.

Evan Thomas, Holly Bailey, and Michael Isikoff, “The Exterminator: Expelled, Born Again. Tom DeLay’s Rise—and the Risks That Could End It,” Newsweek (October 17, 2005), 28.

11.

See “Texas Congressional Redistricting, Gerrymandering, Minority Vote Dilution, Equal Protection, First Amendment, Voting Rights Act,” FindLaw at http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/docket/2005/March.html.

12.

John Ydstie, “Profile: The K Street Project and Tom DeLay,” Weekend Edition, National Public Radio (January 14, 2006) transcript.

13.

Lou Dubose and Jan Reid, The Hammer: Tom DeLay: God, Money, and the Rise of the Republican Congress (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), 64–65.

14.

John Samples, “Same as the Old Boss? Congressional Reforms under the Republicans.” In The Republican Revolution 10 Years Later: Smaller Government or Business as Usual? (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2005), 23. Neither Samples nor the Cato Institute, which published this book, addresses Gingrich’s campaign to denigrate Congress. In fact, Gingrich is one of the book’s contributors. But the numbers speak for themselves, and Gingrich’s attacks on both members of Congress and the House of Representatives itself was certainly not a stealth campaign.

15.

See Republicans’ 1994 “Contract with America” at http://www.house.gov/house/Contract/CONTRACT.html.

16.

Dubose and Reid, The Hammer, 87.

17.

Ibid., 88.

18.

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Cycles of American History (New York: Houghton Mifflin, Mariner Book edition, 1986), vii.

19.

Lee H. Hamilton, How Congress Works and Why You Should Care (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004), 47.

20.

John Samples, “Same as the Old Boss?,” 23–24.

21.

For example, William M. Welch, “We Exposed Our Souls in Late-Night Gingrich Debate,” USA Today (January 8, 1997), A-1, refers to Gingrich’s “autocratic and centralized rule of the House majority”; John McQuaid, “Remodeling of House Expected: Livingston to Exercise Restraint as Well as Power,” the New Orleans Times-Picayune (November 11, 1998), A-1, stated, “Historians say Gingrich has been the most powerful speaker since Joseph Cannon, R-Ill., whose autocratic rule early this century eventually led to an open revolt against him and a reining in of his power”; and Congresswoman Barbara Lee (D-CA) characterized the Gingrich/DeLay refusal to allow a vote for censure of President Clinton rather than for impeachment as “one-party autocracy, which we condemn abroad and which history has proven can lead to authoritarian rule,” Washington Post (December 20, 1998), A-42.

22.

Robert Kuttner, “America as a One-Party State: Today’s hard right seeks total dominion. It’s packing the courts and rigging the rules. The target is not the Democrats but democracy itself,” The American Prospect (February 2004) at http://www.prospect.org/print/V15/2/kuttner-r.html.

23.

Stephen Moore, “Worse Than Drunken Sailors,” National Review Online (May 17, 2002) at http://www.nationalreview.com/moore/moore051702.asp. (NRO noted: “Stephen Moore is president of the Club for Growth. This article originally appeared in the Wall Street Journal on May 13, 2002.”)

24.

Norman Ornstein and Thomas Mann, “If You Give a Congressman a Cookie,” New York Times (January 19, 2006) at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/19/opinion/19ornstein.html? _r=1.

25.

Kuttner, “America as a One-Party State” at http://www.prospect.org/print/V15/2/kuttner-r.html. See also, Joseph G. Cannon, as told to L. White Busbey, Uncle Joe Cannon: The Story of a Pioneer American (New York: Henry Holt, 1927), 243–69. This was an “as-told-to” autobiography published

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