1.
3. E. V. Williams, The Bells of Russia: History and Technology (Princeton, NJ, 1985), 148–65; J. M. R. Lenz, Moskauer Schriften und Briefe, ed. H. Tommek, 2 vols. (Berlin, 2007), Textband, 35, 460–6, reviewed by R. Bartlett in SGECRN, 37 (2007). The cracked bell is now a major tourist attraction in the Kremlin.
4. Williams, Bells of Russia, 166, translation marginally amended.
5. Opisanie, 58.
6. Opisanie, 51, 56; E. Clarke (1800), quoted in Williams, Bells of Russia, 166–7. Slizov’s bell smashed to the ground during the Napoleonic invasion of 1812.
7. ‘Zamechatel’nye liudi iz russkago belago dukhovenstva v XVIII stoletiia’, Strannik, Feb. 1897, 261–2.
8. SIRIO, vii: 121; Bil’basov, ii: 145, n. 3.
9. KfZh (1745), 62. The others were Count Ivan Chernyshev, Count Sergei Iaguzhinskii, Peter Naryshkin, Mikhail Budlianskoi, Count Peter Buturlin and Count Andrei Shuvalov: Opisanie, 68.
10. Opisanie, 51–2.
11. R. Wortman, ‘The Russian Coronation: Rite and Representation’, The Court Historian, 9 (2004), 23.
12. Opisanie, 29–36.
13. Giving no source, Montefiore, 52, puts Potemkin at the coronation, though he was too junior to be mentioned by name in Opisanie.
14. M. A. Alekseeva, Mikhailo Makhaev: master vidovogo risunka XVIII veka (SPb, 2003), 185–6.
15. Quoted in D. Beales, Joseph II, vol. 1: In the shadow of Maria Theresa, 1741– 1780 (Cambridge, 1987), 435.
16. Coxe, i: 264.
17. On Moscow in this period, see J. T. Alexander, Bubonic Plague in Early Modern Russia: Public Health and Urban Disaster (Baltimore, MD, 1980), ch. 2, esp. 70–1.
18. Opisanie, 13.
19. Coxe, i: 265.
20. Opisanie, 252–86, lists more than 200 members of the commission and their responsibilities. The architects included Prince Dmitrii Ukhtomskii and Matvei Kazakov, ibid., 258–62.
21. RA, 1870, nos. 4–5, 748, C. to I. I. Melissino, 8 Nov. 1765, enclosing a petition from Antropov; Opisanie, 255. On earlier triumphal arches, see E. A. Tiukhmeneva, Iskusstvo triumfal’nykh vrat v Rossii pervoi poloviny XVIII veka (M, 2005).
22. Opisanie, 26–35. N. A. Ogarkova, Tseremonii, prazdnestva, muzyka russkogo dvora XVIII-nachalo XIX veka (SPb, 2004), 264–6, reprints the chant with musical notation.
23. RA, 1884, no. 2, 253, C. to I. I. Nepliuev, 16 Sept. 1762.
24. Despatches, i: 73, Buckinghamshire to Grenville, 24 Sept. 1762 NS.
25. Bil’basov, ii: 148; Alexander, 63–5; G. L. Freeze, ‘Subversive piety: religion and political crisis in late imperial Russia’, Journal of Modern History, 68 (1996), 324–5.
26. Opisanie, 50–1.
27. Ibid., 228–33.
28. Ogarkova, Tseremonii, 19–20, 191, n. 23.
29. For the walkway, missing from de Veilly’s illustrations, see Opisanie, 49–50, 182.
30. Ibid., 58–9. I. L. Buseva-Davydova, Khramy Moskovskogo Kremlia: sviatyni i drevnosti (Moscow, 1997), 38, mistakenly suggests that the west door was used for coronations.
31. Cross, 41, 70–1.
32. Opisanie, 59–67.
33. Ibid., 67–9.
34. On canopies in Western Europe, see J. Adamson, ‘The making of the ancien-regime Court, 1500–1700’, in Adamson, ed., The Princely Courts of Europe, 1500–1700 (London, 1999), 29.
35. Despatches, i: 100, undated ‘Russian Memoranda’, probably 1763–4.
36. KfZh (1753), 20–5, 25 Apr. On this occasion, no alterations were made to the interior of the cathedral.
37. Sochineniia, xii: 323.
38. Sochineniia, xii: 641–2, ‘Reflexions sur Petersbourg et sur Moscou’.
39. Wortman, ‘The Russian Coronation’, 21, 31.
40. Pis’ma gosudaryni imperatritsy Ekateriny Velikoi k Feld’marshalu grafu P.S. Saltykovu (M, 1886), 9, 29 June 1762, ‘the day after our accession to the throne’.
41. Annual Register, July 1762, quoted by J. T. Alexander, ‘Catherine II’s efforts at liberalization and their aftermath’, in R. O. Crummey, ed., Reform in Russia and the USSR (Urbana, IL, 1989), 73.
42. PSZ, xvi: 11,598 (Manifest o koronatsii Imperatritsy Ekateriny Vtoroi); 11,599 (Manifest o konchine Imperatora Petra III).
43. Compare D. Cannadine and S. Price, eds., Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies (Cambridge, 1985), 8, 40.
44. D. L. Ransel, The Politics of Catherinian Russia: The Panin Party (New Haven, CT, 1975), 65–8.
45. Quoted in L. Hughes, Sophia: Regent of Russia 1657–1704 (New Haven, CT, 1990), 268.
46. R. A. Jackson, Vive le roi! A History of the French Coronation from Charles V to Charles X (Chapel Hill and London, 1984), 11.
47. Bil’basov, ii: 144–5; SIRIO, cxl: 91, Breteuil to Choiseul, 9 Oct. 1762 NS.
48. Sochineniia, xii: 161.
49. Bil’basov, ii: 171–84.
50. Opisanie, 73; SIRIO, cxl: 82, Breteuil to Louis XV, 5 Oct. 1762 NS.
51. Quoted in S. L. Baehr, The Paradise Myth in Eighteenth-Century Russia (Stanford, CA, 1991), 39.
52. Opisanie, 194–9.
53. J. P. LeDonne, ‘Ruling families in the Russian political order, 1689–1825’, Cahiers du monde russe et sovietique, 28 (1987), 233–322; G. Hosking, ‘Patronage and the Russian State’, SEER, 78 (2000), 301–20.
54. Sochineniia, xii: 696.
55. Obstoiatel’noe opisanie Torzhestvennykh Poriadkov Blagopoluchnago Vshestviia v tsarstvuiushchii grad Moskvu i Sviashchenneishago Koronovaniia…Imperatritsy Elisaveta Petrovny (SPb, 1744), 74; Opisanie, 65, 176. The important account of C.’s coronation in R. S. Wortman, Scenarios of ower: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, 1: From Peter I to Nicholas I (Princeton, NJ, 1995), 115, inadvertently suggests that Talyzin carried the state banner, another of Elizabeth’s innovations, depicting a double-headed eagle clutching both orb and sceptre in its fearful claws.
56. Despatches, i: 98.
57. M. Lepekine, ‘Catherine II et l’Eglise’, in Catherine II et l’Europe, ed. A. Davidenkoff (Paris, 1997), 179.
58. Madariaga, 114.
59. SIRIO, cxl: 83, Breteuil to Choiseul, 9 Oct. 1762 NS.
60. Opisanie, 48–9.
