Catherine the Great

61. Ibid., 45–7.

62. Zapiski Shtelina, i: 78–9.

63. J. McManners, Church and Society in Eighteenth-Century France, Vol. 1: The Clerical Establishment and its Social Ramifications (Oxford, 1998), 8.

64. Opisanie, 54.

65. ‘Memoires de la Princess Dashkaw, d’apres le manuscrit revu et corrige par l’auteur’, AKV, xxi: 101–4 (104).

66. Opisanie, 75. This is psalm 100 in the Orthodox psalter.

67. See below, pp. 212–3.

68. The Dormition Cathedral contains the earliest known panel icon of the Apocalypse in the Byzantine world: M. S. Flier, ‘Till the End of Time: The Apocalypse in Russian Historical Experience Before 1500’, in Orthodox Russia: Belief and Practice under the Tsars, eds. V. A. Kivelson and R. H. Greene (Philadelphia, PA, 2003), 140–3.

69. See Khristianskie relikvii v Moskovskom kremle, ed. A. M. Lidov (M, 2001).

70. Baehr, Paradise Myth, 30–1, 38–40.

71. SIRIO, cxl: 57, Louis XV to Breteuil, 10 Sept. 1762 NS.

72. Beales, Joseph II, 36.

73. Opisanie, 78.

74. Correspondance, 88, 27 Aug. 1756.

75. Opisanie, 84.

76. Wortman, Scenarios, 115; Opisanie, 234.

77. Bil’basov, ii: 146.

78. Opisanie, 86–9.

79. ‘Memoires de la Princess Dashkaw’, 61.

80. Quoted in Wortman, Scenarios, 116.

81. Wortman, ‘The Russian Coronation’, 19.

82. B. A. Uspenskii, Tsar’ i Patriarkh: Kharizma vlasti v Rossii (Vizantiiskaia model’ i ee russkoe pereosmyslenie) (M, 1998).

83. Sochineniia, xii: 615; Opisanie, 102.

84. SIRIO, cxl: 85, Breteuil to Choiseul, 9 Oct. 1762 NS.

85. Bil’basov, ii: 146.

86. I. V. Kurukin, Epokha ‘dvorskikh bur’: Ocherki politicheskoi istorii poslepetrovskoi Rossii, 1725–1762 gg. (Riazan, 2003), 415–7.

87. Opisanie, 213–9. A second document, perhaps an earlier plan, gives an alternative layout, catering for 358 guests served by 130 lackeys: ibid., 235.

88. D. A. Rovinskii, Obozrenie ikonopisaniia v Rossii do kontsa XVII veka: opisanie feierverkov i illiuminatsii (SPb, 1903).

89. SIRIO, xlviii: 13, C. to Keyserling, 25 Sept. 1762.

90. Opisanie, 157, 291.

91. Despatches, i: 88, Buckinghamshire to Countess of Suffolk, 9 Nov. 1762 NS.

92. Plans for the pageant had been laid as early as 10 July 1762: see Iu. A. Dmitriev, ed., F. G. Volkov i Russkii teatr ego vremeni (M, 1953), 149–50. Sumarokov’s text is at p. 188.

93. Baehr, Paradise Myth, 40.

94. Sochineniia, xii: 625.

Chapter 1

1. W. H. Meyer, Stettin in alter und neuer Zeit (Stettin, 1887), 108–9, 238.

2. Bil’basov, i: 4–5; Sochineniia, xii: 5.

3. S. Peller, ‘Births and deaths among Europe’s ruling families since 1500’, in Population in History: Essays in Historical Demography, eds. D. V. Glass and D. E. C. Eversley (London, 1965), 91, table 2.

4. T. Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648–1815 (London, 2007), 62– 3.

5. SIRIO, xx: 246, C. to Frederick II, 5 Dec. 1768.

6. Sochineniia, xii: 8.

7. A Full Account of the Situation, Former State and Late Siege of Stetin (London, 1678), 4–5; J. M. Piskorski, et al, A Short History of Szczecin, trans. K. Wilson (Poznan, 2002), 91–106.

8. M. Volkel, ‘The Hohenzollern Court 1535–1740’, in Princely Courts of Europe, ed. Adamson, 215.

9. Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas: Pommern, ed. W. Bucholz (Berlin, 1999), 237–85, 341–52; D. McKay and H. M. Scott, The Rise of the Great Powers 1648– 1815 (London, 1983), 10–14.

10. On the castle’s changing fortunes through the ages, see E. Cnotliwy, Zamek ksiaecy w Scecinie (Szczecin, 1992) and J. Kochanowska et al, Zamek Ksiaat Pomorskich w Scecinie (Szczecin, 2002).

11. C. M. Clark, ‘When culture meets power: the Prussian coronation of 1701’, in Cultures of Power in Europe during the Long Eighteenth Century, eds. H. Scott and B. Simms (Cambridge, 2007), 17.

12. V. Bauer, Die hofische Gesellschaft in Deutschland von der Mitte des 17. bis zum Ausgang des 18. ahrhunderts: Versuch einer Typologie (Tubingen, 1993), 69.

13. Les lettres de Catherine II au Prince de Ligne (1780–1796) (Brussels and Paris, 1924), 104, 2 Dec. 1788.

14. Grimm, 51, 29 July 1776; Bil’basov, i: 5–6.

15. C. Scharf, Katharina II.: Deutschland und die Deutschen (Mainz, 1995), 66–7; Sochineniia, xii: 223.

16. Sochineniia, xii: (6), 11; Scharf, Katharina II, 87– 90.

17. M. Fulbrook, Piety and politics: Religion and the rise of absolutism in England, Wurttemberg and Prussia (Cambridge, 1983), 9, 167; C. Hinrichs, Preu?entum und Pietismus in Brandenburg-Preu?en als religios-soiale Reformbewegung (Gottingen, 1971), 148.

18. Sochineniia, xii: 9.

19. Grimm, 88, 16 May 1778.

20. Fulbrook, Piety and Politics, 31; Sochineniia, xii: 10.

21. Sochineniia, xii: 6, 11.

22. Sochineniia, xii: 17; M. Greenleaf, ‘Performing Autobiography: The Multiple Memoirs of Catherine the Great (1756–96)’, Russian Review, 63 (2004), 411–3.

23. Sochineniia, 8–9, (15).