Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

33

Apples and oranges distributed, taken back: Martindale, p. 187.

34

Louie gets Red Cross package: Louis Zamperini, POW diary.

35

Mansfield: Martindale, pp. 122–23; Norquist, pp. 287–88; Wade, pp. 137–38; Robert Martindale, telephone interview, January 2, 2005.

36

Cinderella:

Martindale, pp. 189–92; Wade, pp. 143–44; Johan Arthur Johansen,

Krigsseileren

, issue 4, 1990, translated from Norwegian by Nina B. Smith; Clarke, pp. 151–54.

37

Christmas at Zentsuji: Wall, p. 308.

38

Tokugawa comes to Omori: Bush, pp. 183, 198–99; Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004; Report of Lieutenant Lewis Bush, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.

39

The Bird promoted: Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004; James, p. 280.

40

Men put feces on Bird’s rice cakes: Martindale, pp. 191–92.

41

Louie learns Bird leaving: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

Chapter 27: Falling Down

1

Life in camp improves: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Martindale, pp. 194–95; Affidavit, Francis Harry Frankcom, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.

2

Mail found in the Bird’s office: Affidavit, Francis Harry Frankcom, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.

3

“Trust you’re all”: Louis Zamperini, letter to family, January 6, 1945.

4

“Tell Pete”: Louis Zamperini, letter to family, January or February 1945.

5

Ofuna arrivals: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.

6

Condition of Harris: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.

7

Harris’s beatings: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.

8

Doctor thinks Harris dying, Louie gives him Red Cross box: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, POW diary, January 15, 1945, entry.

9

Palawan massacre: Hampton Sides,

Ghost Soldiers: The Epic Account of World War II’s Greatest Rescue Mission

(New York: Anchor Books, 2002), pp. 7–17; Kerr,

Surrender

, pp. 212–15; V. Dennis Wrynn, “American Prisoners of War: Massacre at Palawan,”