, November 1997.
10
February 16–17 air raid: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; Martindale, p. 198; Johan Arthur Johansen,
, issue 4, 1990, translated from Norwegian by Nina B. Smith; Frank Tremaine, “Tokyo in Flames After Record Bombing Attack,”
(Minn.)
, February 16, 1945; “Navy Planes Rip Tokyo,”
(Lincoln), February 16, 1945; “Devastating War to Tokyo,”
(Lincoln), February 16, 1945.
11
American Hellcat pursues Japanese fighter: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
12
February 24 air raid: “1,600 Planes Bomb Jap Capital as All-Out Drive Launched on Iwo,”
(Zanesville, Ohio), February 25, 1945; Kerr,
, pp. 138–44.
13
Transfer of POWs: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.
14
Journey through Tokyo: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
15
Shadow factories: Martindale, p. 214; Kerr,
, p. 153.
16
Arrival at Naoetsu: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; Wade, pp. 146–47.
17
“It was as if a giant frosted cake”: Wade, p. 144.
18
Louie collapses: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
1
Bird beaming: Frank Tinker, telephone interview, February 20, 2005.
2
Description of Naoetsu: Wade, pp. 148–49, 152–53; Frank Tinker, telephone interview, February 20, 2005; Alan B. Lyon,
(Loftus, Australia: Australian Military History Publications, 2000), pp. 25–34; John Cook, “Japan: C Force,” unpublished memoir; “List of Death Naoetu [
