See also European art films Artmaudit, 139-40 Art theaters, urban, 28, 136-37 'Art thrillers,' 48, 156-58, 160, 166, 270 Arthur, Paul, 250
Asian Americans, films directed by, 227-29 Asian themes and characters, 8, 208, 225-29; anti-Asian propaganda Images, 225, 226-27;
Chinese, 225, 228;
Japanese, 102, 225, 226;
Korean, 23, 226; orientalism, 225, 227, 228 Asians, films directed by:
Hong Kong films, 228-29;
Japanese 'B' pictures, 227-28 Assante, Armand, 197
Assassinations:
American political, 34, 134, 186; hired killer, 158 Asta (the dog), 54, 288n31 Astaire, Fred, 199 (fig.)
Astor, Mary, 60, 61, 62 (fig.), 101 Attenborough, Richard, 75, 78 (fig. 12) 'Attraction, cinema of,' 170 Audience reactions: to Crossfire, 119-20, 122; and picture changes, 263-64; preview cards, 119-20; and spectatorship, 238, 239; unwanted laughter, 21, 262 Audiences:
'B' pictures for provincial, 140; children as, 140, 256-57, 291n51; for comic books, 256-57, 258; film-noir niche, 8, 136-37, 267, 276;
'mass camp' sensibility of, 261-62; middle-class white male, 161, 276; movies for women, 223; past and present, 261;
popular literature for female, 46, 64, 287n12; pulp fiction for male, 44, 46, 49-50, 161; shopping-mall cinema, 266, 267.
See also Distribution systems Auster, Paul, 255 Austin, J. R., 5
Auteur, the concept of, 11, 26-27, 137, 296n2
Auteurs, politique des, 32
'Author function,' 11
Avant guerre period, 15, 16, 24, 281n12
Avant-garde, appreciation of lowbrow culture by the, 32, 137
Avary, Roger, 216, 219
Aznavour, Charles, 202
B 'B' pictures, 7, 29, 44, 137, 140-55, 155-66, 216, 227-28.
See also Thrillers Bacall, Lauren, 74 Baker, Joe Don, 270 Ballard, J. P., 255 Ballard, Lucian, 158, 159 (fig.)
Bar scenes. See Nightclub and bar scenes
Barthes, Roland, 24, 42
Bastel, Victoria, 194-96, 195 (fig.)
Baudelaire, Charles, 42, 44, 70-71, 290n42
Bazin, Andre, 17, 25-26
BBC thrillers, 164, 260
Beals, Jennifer, 250
Beatings. See Violence, film noir
Begley, Ed, 242
Belafonte, Harry, 242, 243 (fig.)
Bendix, William, 63, 102, 109 Benjamin, Walter, 254-55 Bergman, Ingmar, 190 Bergson, Henri-Louis, 43
Berry, John, 124
Bertolucci, Bernardo, 38, 203, 289n39 Best Picture category. See Academy Award pictures Betrayal, themes of, 76, 77, 90 Bezzerides, A. I., 27, 152 Bigelow, Kathryn, 223, 302n29 'Black cinema' (cinema noir), 13, 246, 281n8 Black directors. See African- American directors Black, Lucas, 271, 272 The Black Curtain (Woolrich), 259 BlackMaskjournal, 49-50, 51, 225, 233 Black nationalism themes, 243-44, 246 Black- and-white film: aesthetic uses of, 171; expressive connotations of, 193;
John Alton on, 172-74, 301n8; as both realistic and stylish, 172-73; tonal qualities of, 174-75; ubiquity of, 169-70, 193; used instead of color, 154, 191.
See also Darkness, the central metaphor of; Lighting Black-art devices photography; 118-19 Blacklist, the:
allegorical film treatments of, 127-28;
careers changed by, 23, 130-32, 259;
and McCarthy-era Senate investigations, 105, 122, 123;
social realism films by leftists on, 124-30;
writers and directors, 21, 124, 125, 128, 131-32.
See also Censorship, motion-picture Blackness, white dreams about, 238-39 Blake, Robert, 274 'Blaxploitation' films, 192, 216 Blondeness, 3, 89, 91 (fig.), 199, 273 (fig.), 274 'Blood melodrama,' 45, 48, 69, 110-11, 216 Blue-screen. See Cinematography techniques Boatman, Michael, 247 Bogart, Humphrey, 67, 103, 222, 230;
Bazin's eulogy for, 25-26;
and In a Lonely Place, 127-28, 228;
and The Maltese Falcon, 60, 61, 62 (fig.);
as noir hero, 20, 27, 28;
persona of, 25, 27
Bogdanovich, Peter, 32, 144, 159, 191, 219 Bogle, Thomas, 241, 306n23 Bookings. See Distribution systems Book-of-the-Month Club, 44, 64 Boorman, John, 191, 203 Boothe, Powers, 260
Borde, Raymond, 4, 18-22, 33, 40, 73, 100, 104, 168, 186, 199-200, 226, 275, 284n43 Borden, Lizzie, 223 Borders and boundaries: dissolution of art category, 38, 156; film-noir world of, 13, 220; with Latin America, 230, 233 Borges, Jorge Luis, 10 Borzage, Frank, 270 Bourgeois culture, opposition to, 18, 51
Boxing, films about, 19, 103, 158, 191,217 Box-office success, 32, 56, 62, 63, 138, 263, 267; top moneymakers, 297n7.
See also Distribution systems Boyer, Charles, 74 Boyle, Lara Flynn, 257 Bracho, Julio, 232 Brackett, Leigh, 204, 223, 303n36 Bradbury, Ray, 258 Bradley, David, 174 Brady, Frank, 239 Brantlinger, Patrick, 239 Brattle Theater (Cambridge, Mass.), 28 Breen, Joseph, 82, 92, 97, 101, 117; challenge to, 100 Breen Office, 16, 102; on The Blue Dahlia, 110, 111; on Crossfire, 117- 18; on Double Indemnity, 82, 92; objections to films noirs, 98-99, 126; report form, 97.
See also Censorship, motion-picture Breton, Andre, 1, 4, 18 The Brick Foxhole (Brooks), 114-15, 223;
Crossfire film based on, 114-23, 120 (fig.), 121 (fig.) Bridges, Lloyd, 126 Briggs, Joe Bob (pseud.), 161, 165 Brighton Rock (Greene), 70-72, 75-76 British Book Society, 64 British cinema, 15; films by blacklisted Americans, 131, 296n34; films by women, 223; Greene on, 68; noir remakes, 212; precursors of noir films, 15, 282n15 British literature: crime and spy fiction, 63; film criticism, 29, 30-31 British TV shows, 164, 260 Britton, Andrew, 148 Broadway musical revues, 200 Brodie, Steve, 121 Brody, Meredith, 187
Brooks, Richard, 114-15, 118, 125, 126, 223 Browder, Earl, 104 Brown, Frederic, 145, 160 Buchan, John, 65
'Buddy' pictures, 156, 157, 160, 170, 270; 'A'- and 'B'-movie, 140-41;
'Buddy' pictures, (continued) classic films noirs as, 139;
DTV and cable, 161-62, 164; major studio, 140-41, 162-63;
Technicolor, 170, 300n8.
See also Box-office success Bunuel, Luis, 275 Burch, Noel, 30
Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP), 105 Burlesques, film-noir, 201.
See also Parodies of noir Burnett, Charles, 246-48 Burnett, W. R., 73 Butler, Bill,
