Moscow, December 25, 1991

214

11 Gorbachev, Memoirs, 849.

215

12 Chernyaev, 1991, diary entry for December 10.

216

13 Medvedev, Sovetsky Soyuz, 567-568.

217

14 International Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Studies, Breakthrough to Freedom, 169, 273; Hough, Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 482.

218

15 Gorbachev, Dekabr-91, 67.

219

16 Grachev, Final Days, 146.

220

17 Baker with DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy, 563.

221

18 Chernyaev, 1991, diary entry for December 12, 1991.

222

19 Steele, Eternal Russia, 232.

223

20 Braithwaite, Across the Moscow River, 268.

224

21 Beschloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 455.

225

22 Chernyaev, 1991, diary entry for December 14, 1991.

226

23 Beschloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 455-456; Palazchenko, My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze, 353-354.

227

24 Bush and Scowcroft, A World Transformed, 557.

228

25 Interview with Garrison, July 2010.

229

26 Remnick, Lenin’s Tomb, 499.