Moscow, December 25, 1991

6 Gorbachev, Memoirs, in which he includes Raisa’s diary of the coup, 817- 824.

166

7 Dobbs, Down with Big Brother, 391.

167

8 Bush and Scowcroft, A World Transformed, 532.

168

9 Muratov, “Mikhail Gorbachev.”

169

10 Bechloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 444-445.

170

11 Remnick, Lenin’s Tomb, 495.

171

12 Khasbulatov, The Struggle for Russia, 170-184.

172

13 Shevardnadze, “The Tragedy of Gorbachev.”

173

14 Mickiewicz, Changing Channels, 105.

174

1 Grachev, Final Days, 188.

175

2 Making the History of 1989, item 692.

176

3 Timofeyev, Russia’s Secret Rulers, 37.

177

4 Sakharov, Moscow and Beyond, 133.

178

5 Remnick, Lenin’s Tomb, 193, quoting Soviet legal writer Arkady Vaksberg.

179

6 Boldin, Ten Years That Shook the World, 129.

180

7 Chernyaev, 1991, diary entry for December 18, 1991.

181

8 Interviews with Caudill, Hurst, Johnson, and Shipman, autumn 2009.