vols.); Ocherk istorii russkoi kultury; Russkaia istoricheskaia literatura v klassovom osveshchenii (2 vols.) (ed.); Russkaia istoriia s drevneishikh vremen (5 vols.) (abridged Eng. trans. History of Russia from the Earliest Times to the Rise of Commercial Capitalism [2 vols.]; Russkaia istoriia v samom szhatom ocherke (2 vols.) {Brief History of Russia [2 vols.]).
Poliansky, Fedor Iakovlevich (1907-) Soviet historian. Works include Ekonomicheskii stroi manufaktury v Rossii XVIII veka; Istoriia narodnogo khoziaistva SSSR; Pervona-chalnoe nakoplenie kapitala v Rossii; Remeslo v Rossii XVIII veka.
Polievktov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1872-1946) Russian historian. Works include Baltiiskii vopros v russkoi politike; Nikolai I: Biografiia i obzor tsarstvovaniia.
Presniakov, Aleksandr Evgenievich (1870-1929) Russian historian. Works include Kniazhoe pravo v drevnei Rusi, ocherki po istorii X-XII stoletiia; Lektsii po russkoi istorii: Kievskaia Rus; Moskovskoe tsarstvo; Obrazovanie velikorusskogo gosudarstva, ocherki po istorii XII-XV stoletti (Eng. trans, without notes, The Formation of the Great Russian State).
Priselkov, Mikhail Dmitrievich (1881-1941) Russian-Soviet historian. Works include Ocherki po tserkovno-politicheskoi istorii kievskoi Rusi X-XII vv.
Prokopovich, Sergei Nikolaevich (1871-1955) Russian-American economic historian. Works include Krestianskoe khoziaistvo; Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR (Fr. Histoire economique de l'URSS).
Puryear, Vernon J. (1901-1970) American historian of European diplomacy. Works include England, Russia, and the Straits Question, 1844-1856; International Economics and Diplomacy in the Near East: A Study of British Commercial Policy in the Levant, 1834-1853; Napolean and the Dardanelles.
Radkey, Oliver Henry (1909-) American historian. Works include The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: The Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries; The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule; The Elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917; 'Chernov and Agrarian Socialism before 1918,' in Continuity and Change in Russian and Soviet Thought (ed. E. J. Simmons); The Unknown Civil War in Soviet Russia: A Study of the Green Movement in the Tambov Region, 1920-1921.
Raeff, Marc (1923-) American historian. Works include Michael Speransky: Statesman of Imperial Russia; Siberia and the Reform of 1822; Origins of the Russian Intelligentsia: The Eighteenth-Century Nobility; Imperial Russia, 1682-1825: The Coming of Age of Modern Russia; Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939; Political Ideas and Institutions in Imperial Russia.
Rieber, Alfred J. (1931-) American historian. Works include The Politics of Autocracy: Letters of Alexander II to Prince A. T. Bariatinsky, 1857-1864 (ed.); Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia.
Robinson, Geroid Tanquary (1892-1971) American historian. Works include Rural Russia under the Old Regime.
Rogger, Hans (1923-) American historian. Works include National Consciousness in Eighteenth- Century Russia; 'Russian Ministers and the Jewish Question, 1881- 1917,' California Slavic Studies (1975); Jewish Policies and Right-Wing Politics in Imperial Russia.
Rostovtzeff, Mikhail I. (1870-1952) Russian-American historian of the ancient world. Works include Iranians and Greeks in South Russia; 'South Russia in the Prehistoric and Classical Period,' American Historical Review (January 1921).
Rozhkov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (1868-1927) Russian-Soviet historian. Works include Agrarnyi vopros v Rossii i ego reshenie v programmakh razlichnykh partii; Gorod i derevnia v russkoi istorii; Obzor russkoi istorii s sotsiologicheskoi tochki zreniia; Russkaia istoriia (12 vols.); 'Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii v pervoi polovine XIX veka,' and 'Finansovaia reforma Kankrina,' in Istoriia Rossii v XIX veke (vol. 1).
Russell, Bertrand, Earl (1872-1970) British philosopher. Works include Bolshevism: Practice and Theory; A History of Western Philosophy.
Rybakov, Boris Aleksandrovich (1908-) Soviet historian. Works include Istoriia kultury drevnei Rusi; Obrazovanie drevnerusskogo godsudarstva; Remeslo drevnei Rusi; 'Predposylki obrazovaniia drevnerusskogo gosudarstva,' in Ocherki istorii SSSR III-IX vv; Gerodotova Skifiia.
Ryndziunsky, Pavel Grigorievich (1909-) Soviet historian. Works include Gorodskoe grazh-danstvo doreformennoi Rossii; Utverzhdenie kapitalizma v Rossii, 1850-1880 g.
Sakharov, Andrei Nikolaevich (1921-) Soviet and Russian historian. Works include Aleksandr Pervyi; Stepan Razin; Chelovek na trone; Diplomatiia drevnei Rusi; Diplomatiia Sviatoslava; Voina i diplomatiia: 1939-1945 gg.; Russkaia derevnia XVII v.; po materialam patriarshego khoziaistva.
Savelev (Saveliev) Pavel Stepanovich (1814-1859) Russian numismatist and historian. Works include Mukhammedanskaia numizmatika v otnoshenii ? russkoi istorii.
Schapiro, Leonard (1908-1983) British historian and political scientist. Works include The Communist Party of the Soviet Union; The Origins of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State, First Phase, 1917-1922; Rationalism and Nationalism in Russian Nineteenth-Century Political Thought; 1917: The Russian Revolutions and the Origins of Modern Communism; Russian Studies.
Schiemann, Theodor (1847-1921) German historian. Works include Geschichte Russlands unter Kaiser Nikolaus I (4 vols.).
Schilder (Shilder), Nikolai Karlovich (1842-1902) Russian historian. Works include Imperator Aleksandr Pervyi, ego zhizn i tsarstvovanie (4 vols.); Imperator Nikolai Pervyi, ego zhizn i tsarstvovanie (2 vols.).
Schlozer, August Ludwig von (1735-1809) German historian who worked in Russia. Works include Nestor: Russische Annalen in ihrer slavonischen Grundsprache verglichen, ubersetzt und erklart von A. L. Schlozer; Tableaux de l'histoire de Russie; Probe russischer Annalen.
Schuman, Frederick L. (1904-1981) American political scientist. Works include Russia since 1917: Four Decades of Soviet Politics; Soviet Politics at Home and Abroad.
Semevsky, Vasilii Ivanovich (1848-1916) Russian historian. Works include Krestiane v tsarstvovanie imperatritsy Ekateriny II; Krestianskii vopros v Rossii v XVIII i pervoi polovine XIX veka (2 vols.); Obshchestvennye dvizheniia v Rossii v pervuiu polov-inu XIX veka (with V. I. Bogucharsky and P. E. Shchegolev); Politicheskie i obshchestvennye idei dekabroistov.
Seton-Watson, Hugh (1916-1984) British historian. Works include The Decline of Imperial Russia, 1855-1914; The East European Revolutions; Eastern Europe between the Wars, 1918-1941; From Lenin to Khrushchev; The Russian Empire, 1801-1917.
Shakhmatov, Aleksei Aleksandrovich (1864-1920) Russian specialist in Slavic languages and literature. Works include Drevneishiia sudby russkogo plemeni; Razyskaniia ? drevneishikh russkikh letopisnykh svodakh; Povest vremennykh let: Vvodnaia chast, Tekst, Primechaniia; 'Povest vremennykh let' i ?? istochniki.
Shchapov, Afanasii Prokofevich (1830-1876) Russian historian. Works include Russkii raskol staroobriadstva, rassmatrivaemyi v sviazi s vnutrennim sostoianiem russkoi tserkvi i grazhdanstvennosti v XVII veke i pervoi polovine XVIII; Sotsialno-pedagogich-eskie usloviia umstvennogo razvitiia russkogo naroda.
Shcherbatov, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1733-1790) Russian historian. Works include Istoriia Rossiiskaia ot drevneishikh vremen (7 vols.); Kratkaia povest ? byvshikh v Rossii samozvantakh; ? povrezhdenii nravov v Rossii.
Simmons, Ernest Joseph (1903-1972) American historian and specialist in Russian literature. Works include Continuity and Change in Russian and Soviet Thought (ed.); Dostoevsky: The
