Spies and Commissars

Sadoul, Jacques: background and description, ref 1; and the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2; comment at Brest- Litovsk, ref 1; at Fifth Congress of Soviets, ref 1; and French embassy, ref 1; French government prevents his free return to France, ref 1; information on military, ref 1; interviews Naudeau for Bolsheviks, ref 1; and Lockhart, ref 1; and Soviet leadership, ref 1; staying in Russia, ref 1, ref 2; and Trotsky, ref 1; postscript, ref 1

Safarova, Varvara, ref 1

St Petersburg, see Petrograd

Salvation Army, ref 1

Saturday Evening Post, ref 1

Savinkov, Boris: and Churchill, ref 1; expelled from Warsaw, ref 1; insurrection in Yaroslavl province, ref 1; and Lloyd George, ref 1; military advisor to Kerenski, ref 1; and Noulens, ref 1, ref 2; and resistance to Bolshevism, ref 1; and Russian Foreign Delegation in Paris, ref 1; and Russian Political Committee in Warsaw, ref 1; and Sidney Reilly, ref 1, ref 2; support for Allies, ref 1, ref 2; execution by Cheka, ref 1

Sazonov, Sergei: anti-Bolshevik diplomat in Paris, ref 1; on Finland’s independence, ref 1; and Kolchak, ref 1; in London, ref 1; and the Russian Foreign Delegation, ref 1; and the Supreme Council, ref 1

Scavenius, Harald, ref 1

Scheidemann, Philipp, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Schubert, military attache, ref 1

Scott, C. P., ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Secret Service Bureau: and American support for war, ref 1; and Arthur Ransome, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Francis Meynell, ref 1; and George Hill, ref 1; the Lockhart Plot, ref 1, ref 2; Mansfield Cumming, ref 1, ref 2; and Maugham, ref 1; New York station, ref 1; and Sidney Reilly, ref 1; and Stalin, ref 1; training course of, ref 1

Semenov, G. M., ref 1

Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, ref 1

Sevres, treaty of, ref 1

Shalyapin, Fedor, ref 1

Shatov, Bill, ref 1, ref 2

Shaumyan, Stepan, ref 1

Shaw, Tom, ref 1

Shelepina, Yevgenia: and Arthur Ransome, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; background, ref 1; in Brest-Litovsk, ref 1; and Lockhart, ref 1; and Paul Dukes, ref 1; secretarial assistant to Trotsky, ref 1

Sheridan, Clare: and Churchill, ref 1; drawn to Russia, ref 1; and Dzerzhinski, ref 1; and Kamenev, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1; return to Britain, ref 1

Siberia: aid to, ref 1, ref 2; and the Japanese, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the Romanovs, ref 1, ref 2; rural revolts in, ref 1; and trade, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Trans-Siberian railway, ref 1, ref 2

Siberian Creameries Co-operative Union, ref 1

Siemens-Schuckert (company), ref 1, ref 2

Simons, Rev. George A., ref 1

Sirola, Yrjo, ref 1

Sisson, Edgar, ref 1

Skinner, H., ref 1, ref 2

Skoropadskyi, Pavlo, ref 1, ref 2

Smolny Institute, Petrograd, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Snowden, Mrs Philip, (Ethel), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Social Democratic Federation, ref 1

Socialist-Revolutionary Combat Organization, ref 1

Socialist-Revolutionary party, ref 1; and the advance on Petrograd, ref 1; and Arthur Ransome, ref 1; and the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Constituent Assembly, ref 1; in elected soviets, ref 1; and Komuch, ref 1, ref 2; and Lenin, ref 1, ref 2; and the Petrograd Soviet, ref 1; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and search for peace, ref 1; and socialist coalition negotiations, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Ukraine, ref 1; see also Komuch (Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly); Left Socialist- Revolutionaries

Sokolnikov, Grigori, ref 1, ref 2

Sokolovskaya, Alexandra, ref 1

Soskice, David, ref 1

soviets: as basis for government, ref 1, ref 2; and the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2; in factories, ref 1; and garrison troops, ref 1, ref 2; and Kerenski, ref 1; and the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; propaganda in elections to, ref 1; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2; and sale of grain, ref 1; transfer of power to, ref 1; see also Petrograd Soviet

Sovnarkom (Council of People’s Commissars): and Allied assistance in training for Red Army, ref 1; and American communists, ref 1; Anglo-Soviet trade talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; the Brest-Litovsk treaty, ref 1, ref 2; and the Cheka, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Cheka freed from legal restraints, ref 1; Chicherin and Petrov, ref 1; and Constituent Assembly, ref 1; and the Czechs, ref 1, ref 2; defended by MacDonald, ref 1; demobilization of Russian Army, ref 1; and diplomatic exchange with Germany, ref 1; and diplomatic recognition internationally, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and diplomatic safety, ref 1; diplomacy: use of ‘unofficial agents’, ref 1, ref 2; and economic situation and foreign trade, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; and Finnish independence, ref 1; and former Russian Empire, ref 1, ref 2; forms Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, ref 1; and German and Austrian diplomats, ref 1; and German high command, ref 1; and German strategic interests, ref 1; and intelligence activity, ref 1, ref 2; journalist accreditation, ref 1; journalist accreditation: Decree on Press, ref 1; and Komuch, ref 1; lack of diplomatic service, ref 1; and Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1, ref 2; and Left Socialist- Revolutionaries: Blyumkin kills Mirbach, ref 1; and Litvinov, ref 1, ref 2; the Lockhart Plot, ref 1, ref 2; and Murmansk landings by Allies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Murmansk: request for German help, ref 1; occupation of telegraph offices, ref 1; overthrows Provisional Government, ref 1; POWs freed from detention camps, ref 1; and propaganda, ref 1; revolutionary decrees of, ref 1, ref 2; and Romania, ref 1; and the Romanovs, ref 1; and the Russian co-operative movement, ref 1; and secret Allied treaties, ref 1; sue for peace with Germans, ref 1; supplementary treaty with Germany, ref 1; and Sweden, ref 1; and trade with America, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and trade with America: famine relief, ref 1; and trade with Germany, ref 1; and Ukraine, ref 1, ref 2; use of couriers, ref 1; and Western Bolshevik sympathisers, ref 1, ref 2

Spalajkovic, Serbin Ambassador, ref 1

Spargo, John, ref 1, ref 2

Spartakusbund and Spartacists: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; leaders of, ref 1; revolution in Germany, ref 1, ref 2

Spears, E. L., ref 1

Spies Petroleum Company, ref 1

Spiridonova, Maria, ref 1

SS George Washington (ship), ref 1

SS Kristianiafjord, ref 1, ref 2

Stalin, Joseph: and Brest-Litovsk talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and British Secret Service, ref 1; and Churchill, ref 1; and communization of Eastern Europe, ref 1; and conditional support for Provisional Government, ref 1; and defence of Petrograd, ref 1; and federation of communist republics, ref 1; health of, ref 1; on the invasion of Ukraine, ref 1; and recognition of new Soviet republics, ref 1; and the Red Army advance into Poland, ref 1; and regime of radical changes, ref 1; significance of pseudonym, ref 1; suspicion of ‘bourgeois’ experts, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1; on the Volunteer Army, ref 1

Starzhevskaya, Olga, ref 1, ref 2

Stasova, Yelena, ref 1

State and Revolution, The (Lenin), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

State Department, United States: and Felix Frankfurter, ref 1; and John Reed, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and John Reed: memo, ref 1; and Nuorteva, ref 1; and Soviet commercial requests, ref 1; sympathisers in, ref 1

Steed, Henry Wickham, ref 1