Spies and Commissars

Vaucher, Robert, ref 1

Versailles, Treaty of: in book of J. M. Keynes, ref 1; and German government, ref 1, ref 2; and German industry, ref 1; signed, ref 1; and Soviet leaders, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Verthamont, Henri de, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Volodarski, V., ref 1

Vologda, Russia: Chicherin says town unsafe, ref 1; embassies move to, ref 1, ref 2; Noulens in, ref 1; Western diplomatic corps leave, ref 1

Volunteer Army: considered as danger by Stalin, ref 1; and Denikin, ref 1, ref 2; and Denikin: defeated by Red Army, ref 1; evacuation from Crimea, ref 1; first of White forces, ref 1; and General Poole, ref 1; and Lockhart, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; recovery and re-equipment of, ref 1; Reilly on readiness of, ref 1; and Savinkov, ref 1

Vorovski, Vatslav, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Wallhead, R. C., ref 1, ref 2

War and Peace, ref 1

Wardrop, Oliver, ref 1, ref 2

Warsaw, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Anti-Bolshevik Congress in, ref 1

Warsaw Pact, ref 1

Washington Post, ref 1

Webb, Beatrice, ref 1

Webb, Sidney, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Wedgwood, Josiah, ref 1

Western Allies: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10; Allied Supreme War Council, ref 1, ref 2; and the Americans, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; and the Americans: aid for Russia, ref 1; and the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11; espionage and subversion, ref 1, ref 2; information gathering, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Lenin, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; and Poland, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Romanians, ref 1; Russian policy, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; see also United Kingdom

What Next? (Trotsky), ref 1

White forces: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and the Allies, ref 1; and Britain, ref 1, ref 2; in Finland, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and information gathering, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Kolchak, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; Romanian, ref 1; strategic aim of, ref 1, ref 2; Volunteer Army, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Wilhelm II, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Wilhelmshaven, Germany, ref 1

Williams, Harold, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Williams, Robert, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Wilson, President Woodrow: and action against Russia, ref 1; affect of his illness on policy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and assistance to Germany, ref 1; background and description, ref 1; and Congress support to join Allies, ref 1; establishing League of Nations, ref 1, ref 2; and expansionism in Europe, ref 1; and ‘Fourteen Points’ speech, ref 1; and information gathering, ref 1, ref 2; and Lenin and Trotsky, ref 1; at the Paris Peace Conference, ref 1; and propaganda in Russia, ref 1; and Sovnarkom, ref 1; and US aviators in Poland, ref 1

Wilson, Sir Henry, ref 1, ref 2

Winship, North, ref 1

Wintin, Mr, ref 1

Wiseman, Sir William, ref 1

Wolf, Felix, ref 1

Workers’ Party of America, ref 1

World’s Wealth (magazine), ref 1

Wrangel, Petr, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Yaroslavl uprising, ref 1, ref 2

Yekaterinburg, ref 1

Yekaterinodar, Russia, ref 1, ref 2

YMCA, ref 1

Young, Douglas, ref 1

Yudenich, Nikolai: and Estonia, ref 1, ref 2; failure of Petrograd offensive, ref 1, ref 2; finance from oil companies, ref 1; and Herbert Hoover, ref 1; information from Allies, ref 1; and Poland, ref 1; recruitment problem, ref 1; supplies from America, ref 1; postscript, ref 1

Zagryazhski, Alexander, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Zalkind, Ivan: background and description, ref 1; and Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda, ref 1; and detention of Romanian ambassador, ref 1; and Kamenev, ref 1, ref 2; and Louise Bryant, ref 1; and Mirbach, ref 1; on revolution, ref 1; Soviet plenipotentiary to Switzerland, ref 1

Zangwill, Israel, ref 1

Zeligowski, Lucjan, ref 1

Zinoviev, Grigori: and Bolshevik uprising, ref 1, ref 2; and the Comintern Executive Committee, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Congress of the Peoples of the East, ref 1; and the March Action, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Petrograd offensive, ref 1; return to Russia, ref 1; sculpted by Clare Sheridan, ref 1; support for Lenin at Brest-Litovsk, ref 1, ref 2; and use of couriers, ref 1; postscript, ref 1

Zygadlowicz, Gustaw, ref 1

ILLUSTRATIONS

^{1. Lenin in deep thought. (© Getty Images)}

^{2. Trotsky in his Red Army uniform. (© Getty Images)}

^{3. An encounter between German and Russian troops in the neutral zone. (Hoover Institution Archives)}

^{4. Living quarters of the peace talks delegations at Brest-Litovsk. (Hoover Institution Archives)}

^{5. The peace talks at Brest-Litovsk before Trotsky joined them. The Russian delegation, led by Adolf Ioffe (seated second on the right) and Kamenev (to his left). Karakhan stands second on the right. (Topfoto)}

^{6. Sir George Buchanan, elegant and weary. (National Portrait Gallery)}

^{7. David Francis, impatient and determined. (St Louis Public Library)}

^{8. Joseph Noulens, gloomy and fearing the worst. (Roger-Viollet)}

^{9. Cheka leaders Felix Dzerzhinski (on the right) and Yakov Peters. (© Getty Images)}