27. M. Litvinoff, The Bolshevik Revolution: Its Rise and Meaning, especially pp. 43–6.
28. Manchester Guardian, 23 January 1918.
29. Harold Kellock (Finnish Information Bureau, New York) to Lincoln Steffens, 22 April 1918, p. 1: Russian Subject Collection (HIA).
30. New York Times, 31 January 1918.
31. Ibid., 2 February 1918.
32. Ibid., 19 February 1918.
33. Washington Post, 29 February 1918.
34. Ibid., 1 June 1918.
35. New York Times, 11 May 1918.
36. R. Chambers, The Last Englishman: The Double Life of Arthur Ransome, p. 177.
37. M. Budberg to R. Bruce Lockhart, n.d.: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 2, folder 2.
38. A. Rhys Williams, Lenin: The Man and his Work, p. 74.
39. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, p. 192.
40. Ibid., pp. 192–3.
41. Report from Stockholm, 12 September 1918: CX 050167. My thanks to Andrew Cook for sharing this document with me.
42. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, p. 191.
43. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919, p. 553.
44. M. Philips Price, The Soviet, the Terror and Intervention, pp. 1–14.
45. Radek and Ransome on Russia (The Socialist Publication Society: Brooklyn, NY, 1918), pp. 5–7, 10–11, 19–20 and 24.
46. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, Being an Account of the Author’s Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in 1918, pp. 200–1.
47. The Diaries of Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915–1938, p. 31.
48. R. Bruce Lockhart, ‘Last Words on Lenin: An Inaugural Address [as] Honorary President of the Associated Societies, Edinburgh University, 26 October 1960’, p. 6.
49. Ibid., p. 7.
50. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, p. 801.
51. T. Alexander, An Estonian Childhood, p. 41.
52. The Diaries of Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915–1938, pp. 32–3.
53. Ibid., p. 33.
54. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, pp. 802–3.
55. Ibid., p. 803.
56. ‘Udostoverenie’, 5 August 1918: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘2 Reilly: Documentary Material’, folder 2.
57. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 264: letter to A. Thomas, 15 March 1918; J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Sovietique, 1917– 1919, vol. 2, pp. 74–5 and 115.
58. National Archives, FO 371/3290/51340, cited in B. Pearce, How Haig Saved Lenin, p. 22.
59. H. Wilson to the War Cabinet, 18 March 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 364, fol. 127.
60. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Sovietique, 1917–1919, vol. 2, pp. 74–5 and 115.
9. Talks at Brest-Litvosk
1. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, p. 115.
2. B. Pearce, How Haig Saved Lenin, p. 7.
3. Arthur M. Free Papers, folder Mb (HIA).
4. N. A. Ioffe, ‘O moem ottse’: N. A. Ioffe Papers (HIA).
5. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 140: letter to A. Thomas, 25 November/8 December 1917.
6. O. von Czernin’s diary reproduced from the 1923 Russian translation in N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, p. 135.
7. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 140: letter to A. Thomas, 25 November/8 December 1917.
8. Mirnye peregovory v Brest-Litovske, vol. 1: Plenarnye zasedaniya. Zasedaniya Politicheskoi Komissii, pp. 67–8 and 72.
9. Ibid., pp. 52–3.
10. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 176: letter to A. Thomas, 22 December 1917/4 January 1918.
11. Ye. P. Shelepina, ‘Journey to Brest’ (notes written in March 1918): Notes by Ye. P. Shelepina, 18 March 1918: http://arthur-ransome.spb.ru/index/0–8.
12. Ibid.
13. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 35, pp. 179–80.
14. Mirnye peregovory v Brest-Litovske, vol. 1, p. 208.
15. Ibid., pp. 209–10.
16. Protokoly Tsentral’nogo Komiteta RSDRP(b): avgust 1917–fevral’ 1918, pp. 194–5.
17. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Petrograd), 2 February 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 364, fols 66–7.
18. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Petrograd, via Lindley), 16 February 1918: ibid., fols 34–8; R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow), 21 February 1918: ibid., fol. 143.
19. R. Vaucher, L’Enfer bolchevik a Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur rouge, pp. 4–5.
20. House of Commons Debates, 18 February 1918, vol. 103, col. 462.
21. Manchester Guardian, 26 February 1918.
22. House of Commons Debates, vol. 103: 27 February 1918, col. 1478; 28 February 1918, col. 1605.
23. R. Vaucher, L’Enfer bolchevik a Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur rouge, pp. 7–10.
24. Protokoly Tsentral’nogo Komiteta RSDRP(b): avgust 1917–fevral’ 1918, p. 199.
25. Ibid., p. 200.
26. Ibid., pp. 204–5.
27. Undated memorandum on 1917–18 by Stephen Alley. I am grateful to Andrew Cook for giving me a copy of this document.
28. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 243: letter to A. Thomas, 21 February 1918.
28. Ibid., p. 244: letter to A. Thomas, 22 February 1918.
