Bauman, Nikolai
Bazhanov, Boris
Beaverbrook, William Maxwell Aitken, 1st Baron
Bedny, Demyan
Belorussia: and autonomisation; established as Soviet state; nationhood; Germans overrun; resistance to Soviet rule in
Benes, Eduard
Berdzvenishvili, V.
Beria, Lavrenti: cruelty; visits Stalin on Black Sea; publishes article on Bolsheviks in Transcaucasus; career; heads NKVD; association with Stalin; reports on economic success of Gulag; and Nazi-Soviet pact (1939); actions in Poland; at German invasion of USSR; in conduct of war; repressive measures in war; and women; trouble-making in Stavka; heads Soviet atomic research programme; on counter-productive effect of repression; Stalin entertains; status and power; investigates Zhdanov’s death; favours post-war reforms; refuses to wear tie; Stalin turns against; Stalin suspects of conspiracy; at Nineteenth Party Congress; fears of denunciation by Stalin; executed; and Stalin’s stroke; at Stalin’s death; position after Stalin’s death; suspected of murdering Stalin; eulogy at Stalin’s funeral; reforms after Stalin’s death; collects tape recordings of Stalin’s instructions to police agencies; arrested (1953)
Beria, Nina
Beria, Sergo: on Stalin’s mother; relations with Svetlana; on Tehran conference; learns to fly
Berlin: Stalin visits; conquest of; occupation zones; blockade and airlift (1948–9)
Berman, Jakub
Berzins, R.
Bierut, Boleslaw
Birobidzhan
‘Black Hundreds’
Blizhnyaya dacha
Blum, Leon
Bobrovski, Vladimir
Bogdanov, Alexander;
Bolsheviks: formed by Party split; in Georgia; Stalin’s commitment to; differences with Mensheviks; funding by criminal means; idealise revolution; win seats in Fourth Duma; as threat to Imperial rule; oppose participation in First World War; conflict with Provisional Government; and national question; discuss revolutionary seizure of power from April 1917; revolutionary doctrine; attempt to call off protest demonstration (July 1917); at Democratic State Conference (1917); control Petrograd and Moscow Soviets; policy unformulated; commitment to centralism; use of terror; attacked by Cossack armies; internal opposition; fear of counter-revolution; factionalism and inefficiency; unpopularity; membership numbers; and state-directed economy; and ‘cultural revolution’; and political repression; and crisis of capitalism;
Conferences: Seventh Party (1917); Ninth Party (1920); Thirteenth Party (1924)
Congresses: Sixth Party (1917); Eighth Party (1919); Tenth Party (1921); Eleventh Party (1922); Twelfth Party (1923); Thirteenth Party (1924); Fourteenth Party (1925); Fifteenth Party (1927); Sixteenth Party (1930); Seventeenth Party (1934); Eighteenth Party (1939); Nineteenth Party (1952); Twentieth Party (1956); Twenty- Second Party (1961)
Borotbists
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918)
Brezhnev, Leonid
Britain: calls for negotiations in 1920 Soviet war with Poland; Politburo perceives as threat; severs relations with USSR (1927); neutrality in Spanish Civil War; pre-war coolness towards USSR; and German invasion threat (1940); withstands Germany; Stalin’s post-war view of; abandons treaty with Sovnarkom (1921); post-war decline; reluctance to fight war with USSR
Brooke, General Alan (
Brusilov, General Alexei
Bryukhanov, N.P.
Bubnov, Andrei
Budenny, Semen
Bukharin, Nikolai: character; as thinker; status and fame; opposes gratuitous violence; in Civil War; and control of Cheka; considers forming government without Lenin; attempts conciliation in trade union crisis; health problems; and Lenin’s request for poison; and national question; in Lenin’s Testament; Zinoviev meets; appointed to Orgburo; at Lenin’s funeral; attacks Stalin; peasant policy; promoted to Politburo; supports Stalin against Zinoviev and Kamenev; supports NEP; writes on Leninism; hostility to Trotski; Stalin complains about; defeats United Opposition; economic reforms; relations with Stalin; and Stalin’s international policy; and elimination of market in economy; Stalin accuses of Right Deviation; ejected from Politburo; in opposition; Stalin sees as threat; ejected from Comintern Executive Committee; pleads for reconciliation with Stalin; and culture; hopes of return to power; contributes to new Constitution (1935–6); hopes for leadership changes; campaign against; tried and sentenced; and worldwide socialist revolution; on Hitler as threat; final pleas to Stalin; ‘Notes of an Economist’
Bulgakov, Mikhail: decline and death;
Bulganin, Marshal Nikolai: and women; membership of Politburo; beard; Stalin suspects of conspiracy; in Presidium; fears Stalin’s disfavour; Stalin entertains; and Stalin’s stroke
Bulgaria: Soviet demands on; in eastern bloc; monarchy removed; communist dominance in
Catherine II (the Great), Empress of Russia
Caucasian Bureau
Caucasus: ethnic and national problems in; grain shortages; famine
Central Committee: Stalin elected to; expanded; Zinoviev seeks to return to; and Lenin’s revolutionary demands; pre-October revolution meetings; reluctance to negotiate separate peace in First World War; Lenin seeks control of; disagreements in; reorganisation and composition; joint meetings with Central Control Commission; plenum sanctions attack on Bukharin; International Department; and succession to Stalin
Central Control Commission: organisation and composition; Stalin controls
Charkviani, Kote
Chavchavadze, Ilya
Chayanov, Alexander
Cheka (Extraordinary Commission for the Struggle with Counterrevolution and Sabotage): formed; control of
Chernov, Viktor
Chervenkov, Valko
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiaureli, Mikhail
Chicherin, Georgi
Chichinadze, Zakaria
Chikobava, Arnold
China: Soviet relations with; Japan invades; and Soviet entry into war against Japan; communists seize power in; treaty with USSR (1945); economic dependence on USSR; as rival to USSR; intervention in Korean War; potential war with USA; rift with Khrushchev’s USSR; Stalin’s posthumous reputation in
Chinese Communist Party
Chkheidze, Nikolai
Chkhenkeli, Akaki
Chou En-lai
