Stalin: A Biography

Zhemchuzhina, Polina (Molotov’s wife) see Molotova, Polina

Zhirinovski, Vladimir

Zhiruli, Giorgi

Zhizn natsionalnostei (newspaper)

Zhordania, Noe

Zhukov, Marshal Georgi: command in Far East; plans war with Germany; and German invasion of USSR; denied intelligence on Germany; on Stalin’s recovery after German invasion; in Stavka, ref; in defence of Moscow; strategy; appointed Deputy Supreme Commander; and defence of Stalingrad; plans counter-offensive; awarded Order of Suvorov; on Stalin’s smoking; stands up to Stalin; Stalin mistrusts; on Stalin’s learning mastery of military matters; final offensive; and Red Army pause in Warsaw Rising; and capture of Berlin; vows to parade Hitler in cage; leads 1945 victory parade; Stalin suspects and relegates

Zinoviev, Grigori: character; controls Leningrad press; in Central Committee; internationalism, ref; Lenin demands punishment of; supports Stalin over national question; speechmaking; in hiding; asks to return to work; opposes Lenin’s revolutionary policy; status and fame; Jewishness; supports separate peace in First World War; in Civil War; and revolutions overseas; supports Lenin in trade unions dispute; health problems; administrative duties; encourages German armed rising; in Lenin’s Testament; protects and allies with Stalin; and Georgian nationalism; objects to Stalin’s ambitiousness; appointed to Orgburo; at Lenin’s funeral; fails to press Testament charges against Stalin; defeats Left Opposition; Stalin turns against; economic policy; as potential successor to Lenin; opposes Stalin and Bukharin; writes on Leninism; dismissed from Politburo; excluded from Central Committee; and Bukharin’s agrarian policy; as continuing threat; evidence of disloyalty to Stalin; arrested and sentenced; on Stalin’s exploiting Kirov’s assassination; confession and execution; Voroshilov disparages

Zola, Emile: Germinal

Zubalov family

Zubalovo (dacha)

Zvezda (newspaper)

Zyuganov, Gennadi

ILLUSTRATIONS

^{1. View of Gori Fortress taken from the town.}

^{2. Stalin’s mother Ketevan.}

^{3. Stalin’s first wife Ketevan Svanidze.}

^{4. The balcony of one of the houses Stalin grew up in — a shrine-complex was erected over it in the 1930s.}

^{5. The Mantashev Shoe Factory in Tbilisi. Once a place of dirt and poverty it is now being turned into luxury flats.}

^{6. The front of the Tiflis Spiritual Seminary. It is now a museum of Georgian national culture.}

^{7. The Physical Observatory on Mikhailovski Street.}

^{8. Stalin as a young man. This photo has been heavily ‘improved’ by Stalinist air- brushers.}

^{9. Vladimir Lenin. Taken in January 1918, this was his first official portrait after the October Revolution (and after he had regrown his beard).}

^{10. Group photograph of Bolshevik exiles in Turukhansk District Stalin, wearing a black hat, stands at the back next to his friend (at that time) Lev Kamenev. Yakov Sverdlov, sporting a bouffant hairstyle and spectacles, is seated to the right.}

^{11. Nadezhda Krupskaya.}

^{12. Lev Trotski.}

^{13. Lev Kamenev}

^{14. Grigori Zinoviev}

^{15. Nikolai Bukharin.}

^{16. General Secretary Stalin in 1924. This was an official portrait by M. S. Nappelbaum.}

^{17. Stalin’s second wife Nadezhda Allilueva — Nadya.}

^{18. Stalin gives daughter Svetlana a cuddle.}

^{19. Stalin’s first son Yakob Dzhughashvili after being taken prisoner by the Wehrmacht.}

^{20. Stalin’s son Vasili at the controls of his aircraft.}

^{21. Stalin in 1932.}

^{22. ‘Stalin’s Pipe’. The smoke coils around wreckers and kulaks. Drawn by V. N. Deni, it appeared in Pravda on 25 February 1930.}

^{23. Mikhail Kalinin, Lazar Kaganovich, Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Stalin, Kliment Voroshilov and Sergei Kirov at a celebration of Stalin’s fiftieth birthday.}

^{24. Anastas Mikoyan gesticulates to Maxim Gorki and Kliment Voroshilov.}

^{25. Stalin together with Vyacheslav Molotov.}

^{26. Line drawing by V. N. Deni: Stalin stands in Napoleonic pose with modern industrial structures and a banner of Lenin in the background.}

^{27. ‘Stalin’s Ally’: cartoon in the Daily Telegraph, 6 October 1939.}