16. Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, trans. H. Nicholson, The Chronicle of the Third Crusade (Aldershot 2001), p. 27 and note. (Hereafter Itinerarium).
17. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, p. 117 and note 26.
18. Ambroise, Crusade of Richard, ll. 5,499–5,500, p. 227; J. Gillingham, Richard I (New Haven and London 1999), pp. 188, 216, 262.
19. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 69, 119, 141; for Saladin’s reputation in the Islamic world, Hillenbrand, Crusades, pp. 193–5, 592–600.
20. Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, pp. 87–90, 105–6; B. Lewis, The Assassins (London 1967), chap. 5.
21. Recorded by his secretary, Imad al-Din Isfahani, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 171–2.
22. M. Lyons, ‘Saladin’s Hattin Letter’, The Horns of Hattin, ed. Kedar, pp. 208–12.
23. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 28–9.
24. Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships, esp. pp. 134–5, 166.
25. William of Tyre, History, ii, 314.
26. William of Tyre, History, ii, 486–9; Kedar, ‘The General Tax of 1183’, pp. 339–45.
27. Most recently, B. Hamilton, The Leper King.
28. John of Ibelin, Livre des Assises c. xiii, ed. P. Edbury, John of Ibelin and Kingdom of Jerusalem (Woodbridge 1997), pp. 118–20.
29. The Old French Continuation of William of Tyre, trans. P. Edbury, The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, ed. idem (Aldershot 1998), p. 33; for the siege of Jerusalem, ibid., pp. 55–67; Mas Latrie, Chronique d’Ernoul, p. 175; L’Estoire de Eracles, RHC Occ., ii (Paris 1859), p. 70; Nicholson, Chronicle of the Third Crusade, pp. 38–9 (fourteen is the number of knights given here); Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum, ed. J. Stevenson, Rolls Series (London 1875), pp. 241– 51.
30. Roger of Howden, Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi, ed. W. Stubbs, Rolls Series (London 1867), i, 328.
31. As suggested by H. E. Mayer, ‘The Beginnings of King Amalric of Jerusalem’, Horns of Hattin, ed. Kedar, pp. 121–35.
32. William of Tyre, History, ii, 296–8 where the king is also accused of financial greed, a common charge against hard-pressed rulers.
33. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, p. 90; Hamilton, The Leper King, p. 34, note 62.
34. On the state of Baldwin’s health and the diagnosis of leprosy, see Piers Mitchell, ‘An Evaluation of the leprosy of King Baldwin IV’, in Hamilton, The Leper King, pp. 245– 58.
35. P. Edbury, Propaganda and Faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem’, Crusaders and Muslims, ed. Shatzmiller, pp. 173–89; cf. Runciman, History of the Crusades, ii, 403–73.
36. On William of Tyre’s prejudices, P. Edbury and J. Rowe, William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East (Cambridge 1988).
37. The chronicle attributed to Ernoul; see now Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 1–8.
38. William of Tyre, History, ii, 417–34.
39. Hamilton, The Leper King, p. 139, note 50 for references.
40. Hamilton, The Leper King, p. 167, notes 40–41.
41. See the reconstruction in Hamilton, The Leper King, pp. 179–85.
42. William of Tyre, History, ii, 491–8 for the events of the 1183 campaign; Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 61–2.
43. William of Tyre, History, ii, 498–504, 507–9.
44. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 11–16. For a convincing reconstruction of the events of 1184–5 based largely on the variant continuations of William of Tyre, Hamilton, The Leper King, pp. 198–210.
45. Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 68–9.
46. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 24–30, 154–5; despite the continuations of William of Tyre’s sympathetic glossing towards Raymond, the inference is unavoidable.
47. Ibn Jubayr, Travels, trans. R. J. C. Broadhurst (London 1952), p. 301 and generally on Outremer in the autumn of 1184, pp. 315–25.
48. For the events culminating in the battle at the springs of Cresson, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 114–18; Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 30–34, 156–7; Stevenson, Libellus de expugatione Terrae Sanctae, pp. 211–17. For the legends, Nicholson, Chronicle of the Third Crusade, pp. 25–6.
49. On the Hattin campaign, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 118–39; Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 34–49, 158–62; Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae, trans. Brundage, Crusades, pp. 153–63; Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, pp. 258–64; Lyons, ‘Saladin’s Hattin Letter’; R. C. Smail, ‘The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan 1183–7’, Outremer, ed. Kedar et al., pp. 159–76; and, for the topography and details of the fighting itself, especially, B. Z. Kedar, ‘The Battle of Hattin Revisited’, Horns of Hattin, pp. 190–207.
50. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 130.
51. Ibn al-Athir, Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 123.
52. Peter of Blois, Passio Reginaldis Principis Antiocheni, PL, 207, cols. 957–76.
53. Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 125.
54. For the siege and fall of Jerusalem, Ibn Shaddad, Saladin, pp. 77–8; Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 139–75; Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 55–65, 162–3, 165–6.
55. Edbury, Conquest of Jerusalem, pp. 73–6.
56. For full references Gillingham, Richard I, p. 87, note 36.
57. Translated by J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 64– 7.
12: The Call of the Cross
1. Pipe Roll 1 Richard I, ed. J. Hunter (London 1844), p. 20; Pipe Roll 3 Richard I, The Great Rolls of the Pipe (Pipe Roll Society, London 1884–), pp. 28, 33, 58, 76.
2. For references, see Tyerman, Invention of the Crusades, esp. p.27.
3. Text in J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 64–7; cf. Benedict of Peterborough, recte Roger of Howden, Gesta Henrici Secundi, ii, 15–19.
