God's War: A New History of the Crusades

Raol, chaplain, author of De expugnatione Lyxbonensi 27, 312, 314, 316, 317

Rashid al-Din Sinan, ‘Old Man of the Mountains’, Assassin 199, 352, 466

Ratibor of Pomerania 307

Raymond II, count of Tripoli 197–200, 330, 331, 346

Raymond III, count of Tripoli 197, 198, 199, 200, 234, 348, 354, 358–69, 407

Raymond IV, count of Toulouse 31, 48, 59, 63, 66, 94, 111, 113, 114–16, 120–21, 130, 131, 137, 139, 141, 142, 144–5, 148, 149–61, 173–4, 175, 190, 196, 197, 580, 661

Raymond V, count of Toulouse 397, 579, 580, 605

Raymond VI, count of Toulouse 566, 581, 582–600, 605, 616

Raymond VII, count of Toulouse 599–604, 773, 774, 775, 781

Raymond of Aguilers, chronicler 31, 60, 92, 115, 145, 156, 157

Raymond Pilet of Ales 85

Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch 188, 189, 194, 195, 196, 207, 220, 236, 273, 274, 319, 323, 329, 331, 334, 344, 346

Raymond Roger, count of Foix 579, 596, 598–9

Raymond Roger Trencavel, viscount of Beziers, Cracassonne, etc. 576, 579, 589–90, 593

Raymond Roupen, failed prince of Antioch 644, 723

Raymond of Trencavel, viscount of Beziers, Carcassonne, etc. 600, 601, 604

Rebecca of Cologne 102

Reconquest (reconquista) in Spain 13, 54–5, 652–73

recruitment 77–8, 80, 83–4, 87–9, 92–3, 94–6, 106–8, 112, 115, 139, 170–72, 262, 264, 280, 288–301, 305– 10, 377, 382, 389–99, 432–3, 437–8, 483–4, 490–92, 497, 502–8, 587–9, 595–6, 607, 610, 618–28, 668, 685, 690, 700–701, 703–4, 707, 710, 736–7, 738, 743–4, 747, 758–60, 773–6, 808–9, 832, 852–3, 855, 867–8

Reiner von Sleiden 297

relics 69, 167–8, 173, 217–18, 266, 278, 291–2, 371, 384, 511–12, 553, 556–8, 605, 762, 783, 808, 879

Renier of Montferrat 517

Reval (Tallinin) 692, 692, 695–6, 698

Reynald of Broyes of Epernay 95, 99

Reynald of Chatillon, prince of Antioch, lord of Oultrejourdain 193, 194, 195, 196, 346, 358–62, 365–72, 380, 405, 407

Reynald Grenier, lord of Sidon 234–5, 358, 371, 404–5, 461, 463

Rhodes 138, 706, 884

see also Hospitallers

siege of (1480) 837, 872; Caoursin’s account of 887

fall of (1522) 844

Richard, abbot of St Vanne 70

Richard, count of Aversa 14

Richard, earl of Cornwall 717, 762–3, 802

crusade of 757–8, 759–60, 763–4, 767–9

Richard I, king of England 18, 234, 290, 351, 374, 376, 377, 389–90, 393, 394–5, 397, 484, 496, 497, 502, 504, 613, 641, 738, 749, 750, 768, 781, 886

on the Third Crusade 403, 430–74

Richard II, king of England 854, 856

Richard Filangieri, imperial agent 725–6, 747, 765

Richard FitzNeal, bishop of London 430

Richard of Salerno (of the Principate) 112, 186, 221

Ridwan of Aleppo 128, 134, 137, 140, 261

Riga 686, 687, 691, 706

Robert I, Count of Artois 772, 788–9, 792–4, 799, 800

Robert I, count of Dreux 280, 295, 432

Robert I, count of Flanders 82, 116

Robert I, duke of Normandy 116, 252

Robert II, count of Dreux 432

Robert II, count of Flanders 59, 72, 82, 106, 114–15, 116–18, 119, 130, 138, 142, 150–52, 155, 157, 161, 248, 505

Robert II Curthose, duke of Normandy 59, 76, 82–3, 106, 114, 115, 116–18, 130, 149–50, 155, 157, 161, 246, 249, 262

Robert of Ansa 112

Robert of Arbrissel 70

Robert of Boves 528

Robert the Bugger (le Bougre) 573

Robert of Clari, knight and chronicler 498, 499, 505, 511, 513, 514, 525–33, 540, 546, 552, 554, 556, 557

Robert of Cokefield 390

Robert of Courcon (Curzon) 584, 613, 620, 621, 622–3

Robert FitzFulk, the Leper, Antiochene noble 191, 230

Robert FitzGerald 112

Robert FitzTristan 112

Robert Guiscard, ruler of southern Italy 11–12, 14, 20, 54, 112, 204, 537

Robert of Rheims, chronicler 86, 93

Historia 245, 418

Robert of Rouen, bishop of Ramla 117

Robert of Sourdeval 112

Rodrigo, last Visigothic king of Spain 653

Rodrigo Diaz, el Cid 20, 126, 204, 659, 663

Poema de Mio Cid 663

Roger, count of Foix 81

Roger Bacon, Oxford don 688

Roger of Barneville 116

Roger Borsa, count of Apulia 77, 112, 117

Roger, son of Dagobert 113, 114

Roger I, count of Sicily 14, 48, 55, 117

Roger II count and king of Sicily 14–15, 194–5, 248, 274, 289–91, 296, 319, 322, 324, 326, 537, 660

Roger Flor, Catalan Templar privateer 821

Catalan Company of 850

Roger of Howden, chronicler, crusader, civil servant 388, 390, 395, 433, 434, 435, 452

Roger of Moulins, master of Hospitallers 367

Roger of Mowbray 296

Roger of Salerno, prince of Antioch 187, 191, 192, 194, 196, 221, 265, 271

Roger of San Severino, Angevin bailli 731

Roger of Wendover, chronicler 721, 745

Romania, Frankish Greece 554–60, 848

Romanus IV Diogenes, Byzantine emperor 11, 96, 127

Rommersdorf, abbot of, letterbook of 615

Roncevalles, battle at 654

see also Song of Roland

Rorgo Fretel of Nazareth 169

Rouen 71, 100, 104

Roussel of Bailleul, mercenary 82

Ruad, island of 352, 732