Rudiger, bishop of Speyer 101
Rudolf of Habsburg, king of Germany 704, 816
Rugen, Rugeners 306, 678, 682, 683, 684
Rum, Seljuk sultan, sultanate of 12, 98–9, 118, 124, 127, 128–9, 173–5, 319, 322, 342, 354, 418, 422, 426, 534, 629, 636, 843, 848
Runciman, Steven 28–9, 101, 406, 495, 558, 560
Russia, Rus (Novgorod), principality of 10–11, 681, 684, 693–4, 696–8, 701–2, 710–11, 756
Ruthard, archbishop of Mainz 102
Saher of Achel 296, 309
St Benet Holme, abbey of 297
St Denis, abbey of 117, 289, 291–2, 440, 585, 610, 783, 811
St Edward, Order of 722
St Felix de Caraman, Cathar assembly at 574
St Germain, abbot of 38
St Mary, Hospital of, Jerusalem 221
St Mary, interfaith shrine at Saidnaya of 719
St Sabas, War of 727–8
St Symeon, Syrian port 135–6, 138, 140, 329
St Thomas of Acre, Order of 257, 745, 908
St Victor of Marseilles, abbey of 27
Saladin, Yusuf ibn Ayyub, sultan of Egypt and Syria 20, 158, 179, 200, 204, 211, 212, 225, 227, 235, 239, 343, 345, 347–54, 362–4, 366–74, 379, 492, 715
and
legend of 350–51
and Third Crusade 402–17, 418, 419, 420–21, 422, 425, 427, 443, 446–73
Saladin Tithe, the 381, 389–91, 393, 394, 431, 433–4, 437, 484
al-Salih Ayyub, sultan of Egypt 764, 766–9, 771, 784, 787–90
al-Salih Isma ‘il, ruler of Damascus 764, 766–7
Salimbene of Adam, OFM 816
Samaritans, sect of 213, 229
Samson, abbot of Bury St Edmunds 390, 392
Sancho I, king of Aragon 659
Sancho IV, king of Navarre 658
Sancho VII, king of Navarre 668
Santiago, Order of 256, 667, 670
Saphet, castle of 237, 372, 719–20, 721, 722, 807
‘Saracens’ 125
Savaric de Mauleon 623–4
Savonarola, Girolamo 908
Saxo Grammaticus, chronicler 682
Sayf al-Din, ruler of Mosul 268, 333
Scanderbeg, Albanian nationalist 846, 871
Schism, Papal or Great 852, 878, 895, 900–901
Sebastian, king of Portugal 672
sea power, shipping 61, 82, 138, 140, 148, 153, 170, 179, 289–91, 309–16, 389–90, 398, 402–3, 409, 411–14, 418, 433, 435–7, 441, 507, 508, 509, 511–14, 516, 627–8, 648, 689, 690, 718–19, 780–81, 799, 801, 802, 808, 816, 851
Selim I, the Grim, Ottoman sultan 844, 872
Seljuk Turks 11–13, 49, 81, 82, 83, 118, 119, 126–9, 136, 141, 173, 177, 181, 192, 271
Sergius IV, pope 55
Seville, capture of (1248) 668, 670, 671
Shaizar 188, 329
Shajar al-Durr, sultana of Egypt 789–91, 797
Shawar, Egyptian vizier 347–9
al-Shirazi, Baghdad legist 228
Shirkuh, Asad al-Din, Kurdish mercenary general 348–9
Sicilian Vespers, Wars of 818, 898–9
Sicily 13, 15, 53, 54, 55, 206, 374, 441–2, 896–9
Sidon 153, 179, 202, 204, 219, 265, 372, 492, 722, 748, 822
siege machines 23, 103, 139, 142, 155, 156–7, 162, 313–15, 332–3, 415, 433, 449, 450, 528, 540, 552–3, 586, 595, 634–5, 818–20
Sigebert of Gembloux 92
Sigismund, king of Hungary, Bohemia and Germany, emperor 711, 854–6, 902
Sigurd, king of Norway 251, 265
Silves, capture of (1189) 396, 414
Simeon the Armenian 132
Simon, count of Saarbrucken 631
Simon of Dover 309
Simon of Montfort, the Elder 505, 528–9, 531, 532, 542, 563–7, 576, 578, 579–80, 584, 586, 587, 588, 591–2, 593–9, 603, 605, 610, 612, 616
Simon of Montfort, the Younger, earl of Leicester 726, 737, 758, 759, 760, 762, 768, 896
Simon of Trier, martyr 285
slavery 3, 227, 230, 237, 307, 328, 371, 404, 657, 719
Smyrna 837, 843
Solomon bar Simsom 105
Soqman of Mardin 186
Spain 13, 52
Speyer 100, 101
assembly at (1146–7) 281, 286, 287–8
Standard, battle of the (1138) 250
Stephen, count of Blois 59, 74, 87, 93, 106, 114, 115, 116–18, 122, 124, 130, 136, 140, 141, 142, 147, 161, 163–4, 171, 173–4, 175
Stephen, count of Burgundy 171
Stephen, king of England 255, 300, 454
Stephen, St, king of Hungary 10
Stephen II, pope 5
Stephen of Cloyes, leader of Children’s Crusade 610
Stephen of Neublans 253
Stephen of Valence, visionary 143, 144, 146
Stettin 307, 678, 680
Suger, abbot of St Denis 249, 277, 291–2, 335
al-Sulami, Damascene scholar 125, 181, 272, 650
Suleiman I, the Magnificent 844, 872
Suleiman ibn Kutulmush, sultan of Rum 127
Sven Aggeson, chronicler 682
Sverre, king of Norway 382
Swantopelk, duke of Danzig 701, 702
