seemed to have heard the sound of the shot. The neighbours must be out. 17. Judge: «Have you ever been up before me?» Accused: «I don’t know. What time do you get up?» 18. He was over in England on a visit. He remembered the fight because she had talked about it so much. It was six rounds. He was almost out in the fourth. The poor Indian is only out to earn a little money, the same as me. 21. How do you suppose I managed when you were away? 22. Once again I am back in my home town. 23. I was through the war. 24. «Go on,«he growled. «Give me all my faults when you’re about it. Suspicious! Jealous! You’ve been at me before!» 25. They told us the roof was down – that you wouldn’t – wouldn’t come out. 26. Con half-said they’d be round for tea. 27. Do you expect to be away long? 28. We were out for a few moments only, to take a walk around the block.
X.
What a Language!
«What a language English is!» a Frenchman exclaimed in despair. «I once called on an English friend and the maid who came to the door said, ’He’s not up yet. Come back in half an hour.’'
«When I came again, she was setting the table for breakfast and said, ’He’s not down yet.’'
«I asked: ’If he’s not up and he’s not down, where is he?’'«She said, ’He’s still in bed. When I say ’He’s not up’, I mean he has not yet got up; when I say, ’He’s not down’, I mean he has not yet come downstairs!’»
2. Глагол to have
Глагол to have, как и to be, шире по значению, чем русский глагол
Магу
The city
В такого рода предложениях при наличии подлежащего – действующего лица возможна и конструкция с there is.
We
Однако глагол to have может употребляться не только с подлежащим, выраженным существительным, обозначающим лицо (как, казалось бы, предполагает само значение глагола – значение обладания), но может использоваться и применительно к предметам. В таких случаях его значение тождественно значению конструкции there is, и они взаимозаменяемы. Например:
Some
Jack’s eager conspirator
Аналогично глаголу to be, хотя и реже, в качестве глагола-связки в составном сказуемом употребляется и глагол to have. Это имеет место в таких сочетаниях с существительными (часто отглагольными), как to have dinner
Если приглядеться внимательнее к этим случаям употребления глаголов to be и to have и принять в расчет их активное бытование в английском языке, то нельзя не увидеть здесь проявления системных особенностей английского языка. Действительно, англичанин вполне может сказать to rest, но он все же предпочитает сложную форму – to have a rest. Суть состоит в том, что во всяком глаголе, выражающем конкретное действие и отражающем определенную качественную сторону действия или состояния, уже заложена количественная сторона, самый факт данного действия. Аналитическая тенденция английского языка порождает стремление к раздельному формальному выражению общей и конкретной, количественной и качественной стороны таких действий. И тогда, естественно, на место конкретного глагола приходит составное сказуемое с глаголом to have и именным выражением качества (прилагательное, причастие, существительное).
В английском языке образовался ряд устойчивых сочетаний с глаголом to have, которые передаются на русский язык, как правило, глаголами действия. Например:
She
I wish you
В заключение отметим, что, подобно тому, как глагол to be в сочетании с прилагательным, причастием или существительным выступает в значении соответствующего глагола, так и глагол to have в сочетании с существительным часто употребляется вместо простого глагольного сказуемого, выраженного глаголом действия. Например:
But if they were under the impression that they would get any information out of him he
Не
Следует, однако, указать, что такого рода сочетания с глаголом to have более редки, чем с глаголом to be.
I. А.
1. I have no pencil. 2. You have no other way out. 3. His face had that small subtle smile that was characteristic of him. There were two saucers only. And all the rest to match: seven large brown teapots, of which five had broken spouts. I won’t have you all starve, simply because I’ve thrown myself at your head. 6. He came to her swiftly, and in a moment had her in his arms. 7. Oh, to have this happen when he was right at the point of a declaration. 8. Jack whipped his coat off and went to the shed for wood and coal, and soon had a lavish fire in the open hearth. 9. Have some more cake! 10. I won’t have you do this sort of thing. 11. I cannot have my clients disturbed in the middle of the night. 12. They had a gin and a tonic, Ashe doing most of the talking. 13. I’d be more likely to remember that I’m working for doctor Page if I had my month’s salary. 14. «Her name,«the woman went on, «is Anita. I was sick when I had her,«she explained as if to excuse her child’s delicacy. 15. Many households have two, or even three, newspapers every day. 16. Women’s clothes today have plenty of colour. 17. Isabel, when she awoke, sometimes told Antoinette to take her coffee into her mother’s room so that she could talk to her while she had it. 18. «I’ve had a letter from Sarah,«he said. 19. I wrote her as though I were still that boy, told her of the gun I’d got for Christmas, how the dog had had pups and what we’d named them. 20. He had me around the waist. 21. Then the dance began. The second-class passengers stood about shyly round the part of the deck reserved for dancing and occasionally danced with one another. «I’m glad we had them,«said the consul dancing with Mrs Hamlyn. «I’m for democracy, and I think they’re very sensible to keep themselves to themsel ves.» 22. I can work, can’t I? I can get a job at Payne and Perkins. They’ll be glad to have me. 23. The cad had had his warning. Now let him take what was coming to him. 24. I had him here just now asking for details. 25. «What will you have?» «Oh, I don’t want anything. I had a cocktail and a tremendous lunch.» 26. «Where is he – your son?» «Up in his father’s studio, I think.» «Perhaps you’d have him down.» 27. I had your father here yesterday afternoon, who made further
