существование такого способа словообразования дало возможность подобного функционирования наречий. Вот примеры:
Now, how can I leave
«You’ll want
Особо хотелось бы отметить как пример полифункциональности наречий употребление otherwise и so.
Наречие otherwise может употребляться в качестве союза, выполнять функции обстоятельства образа действия, дополнения, определения. Например:
You must be careful.
A few lads hung about old Thomas’ fish shop, but
The other two airline representatives on the committee had at first taken the view that the airport management was doing its best under exceptional conditions. Captain Demerest argued
«Now,«Mel said, «about sabotage – potential and
Многозначно и полифункционально также наречие so. Мы не будем останавливаться на употреблении so в качестве союза. Оно выступает в функции обстоятельства меры и степени (перед другим наречием, прилагательным или местоимением), обстоятельства образа действия, даже в качестве дополнения, предикатива и определения. Очень часто, в тех случаях, когда мы говорим: «сделал это», «сказал это», англичанин скажет (буквально): «сделал так», «сказал так».
You’ve read the testimony. You just said so. Вы же читали показания. Вы только что
I didn’t explain my correction. I ought to have done so. Я не объяснил своей поправки. А мне бы следовало
«Well, are you going with me?» «I guess so.» Ну, так вы идете со мной? – Думаю,
After the American-Spanish war of 1898 Puerto Rico became a colony of the USA and remained
She’s just the way the message said, only more
Конверсии подвергаются даже междометия и звукоподражательные сочетания. Например:
You’d think the Old Man would
More and more people came crowding in, to
Из вышесказанного можно сделать вывод, что конверсия обеспечивает известную семантическую свободу слову, обогащая его, позволяя ему обрастать новыми значениями благодаря его свободному движению в предложении. Так грамматический строй оказывает свое влияние на лексику языка, приводя к многозначности слова.
Конверсия проникла даже в область словообразования. К словам одной части речи присоединяются аффиксы, свойственные другой части речи. Так, в литературе встречаются прилагательные, образованные от глаголов с помощью суффикса прилагательных -(е)у, – по аналогии с прилагательными, образованными с помощью этого суффикса от существительных: fishy, watery и т. д. Например:
«What’s the matter?» he enquired. «Is the
Речь идет о женщине, которая не сводила глаз с молодой пары. Автор хотел подчеркнуть, что «глазеть» было обычной манерой этой особы. (Причастия staring оказалось недостаточно, ибо оно не передает постоянного свойства.)
Вот еще один пример необычного словообразования.
Zanetta,
I.
А. 1. Не promised to will Ed a castle in India. 2. Her mother could shame her to tears with a reproachful glance. 3. He rose awkwardly from the deep chair, the sciatica (ишиас) knifing as he did. 4. Ruth cupped the base of his head and edged him with her curved hand quietly back to sleep. 5. That particular trouble had begun shortly after dark when an Aero Mexican captain, taxiing out for take-off, mistakenly passed to the right instead of left of a blue taxi light. 6. Mel pocketed his change from the cashier. 7. In intense pain, half-drowned, he surfaced. 8. It had been a slow, tricky job because steps (ступеньки) were icing as fast as they were cleared. 9. Money meant little to him, and he never much minded whether patients paid him or not. Since time was as unimportant as cash, he was just as willing to doctor them as not. 10. We generally anchor for the night. 11. He was evidently much taken with Erik, and the companionship of someone only a little older than himself had loosened his constraint so that he seemed to flower with a new adolescence. 12. But why was he sailing these lonely seas on a pearling lugger with a scoundrel like Captain Nichols was mysterious. 13. Somewhere in Keith’s mind a door, which had been closed, inched open. 14. «Never mind it, Elliott,«I said, «it may rain on the night of the party. That’ll bitch it.» 15. Isabel wirelessed him from the ship. 15. But the director, crazed with enthusiasm, had insisted on detailing his plans. 17. The vote climaxed some 50 years of efforts. 18. Only a slight moistness at eyes and mouth, a slight pale plumpness of cheek, aged him a little. 19. When he went on leave he hunted and, anxious to keep his weight down, he dieted carefully. 20. I shouldered a bag and set out. 21. More than 18,000 Arab houses were dynamited off the face of the earth. 22. We have carefully documented them with facts and evidence and witness. 23. It ages a worker fast. 24. But I do feel as though I were skylarking along on a pair of stilts. 25. Freddie detailed his own exciting triumphs in Queen Anne Street. 26. Mine, the black and white mare, rose on her hind legs, whinnied, teetered like a tightrope artist, then blue-streaked down the path. 27. Photographs of Holly were front-paged by the late edition of the «Journal-American». 28. A nurse, soft-shoeing into the room, advised that visiting hours were over. 29. I’m not hot-footing after Jose, if that’s what you suppose. 30. Tucked between the pages were Sunday features, together with scissored snippings from gossip columns. 31. The bank didn’t pension one off till after thirty years’ service. 32. Torpenhow was paging the last sheets of some manuscript. 33. It was a fine October evening with a solemn and sorrowing sky, full of stars.
Б. 1. Fred Phirmphoot’s job was to calculate how much could be stowed aboard Flight Two and where. 2. No mailbag, no individual piece of freight went into any position in the aircraft hold (багажник) without his say-so. 3. Have you been a stowaway on other airlines? 4. She had always been «in painting», as she put it, and there was no doubt in her mind that it was a come-down to be the mistress of a businessman. 5. Standish had been about to turn away, but something about the man attracted his attention. It was the way the newcomer was holding his case under his arm, protectively. Harry Standish had watched people many times, doing the same thing as they came through Customs. It was a giveaway that whatever was inside the case was something they wanted to conceal. 6. He watched the swim of faces as the train moved. 7. He certainly ought to speak to Randall sometime about the