75

This example is from Frederik Pohl’s prescient short story Day Million in his anthology, Day Million, Ballantine Books 1970 ISBN: 0330236067

76

More details about construction planning were developed by Scott Fahlman in his 1973 paper at ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AITR-283.pdf

77

In Principles of Psychology, p359

78

According to Tinbergen, when an animal can’t make a decision, this often results in dropping both alternatives and doing something that seem to be quite irrelevant. However, these “displacement activities” seem to be fixed, so they do not suggest that those animals have thoughtful ways to deal with such conflicts.

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In The Natural History Of Religion, 1757. http://www.soci.niu.edu/~phildept/Dye/NaturalHistory.html

80

Some early steps in that project are described in ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM- 200.pdf.

81

See http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/PR1971.html

82

In fact, that darker horizontal streak is not the lower edge, but is part of the surface next to that edge, slightly shadowed because that edge is worn-down.

83

V.S. Ramachandran, Science, v305 no.5685, 6 August 2004.

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in www.richardgregory.org/papers/brainy_mind/brainy-mind.htm. See also, www.physiol.m.u- tokyo.ac.jp/resear/resear.html

85

This program was based on ideas of Yoshiaki Shirai (and Manuel Blum). See ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-263.pdf. However, I should add that Builder had almost no competence for any but neat geometrical scenes—and, so far as I know, there still are no ‘general-purpose vision machines” that can, for example, look around a room and recognize everyday objects therein. I suspect that this is mainly because they lack enough knowledge about real-world objects; we’ll discuss this more in Chapter 6.

86

See papers by Adolfo Guzman and David Waltz at ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-139.pdf and

ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AITR-271.pdf

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See Zenon Pylyshyn, http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/faculty/ZPbbs98.html< /emphasis>. [Broken Link] The octagon example is from Kanizsa, G. (1985). Seeing and Thinking. Acta Psychologica, 59, 23-33.

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