Technology for Nonviolent Struggle

5.

Colin Ward, Connexions: Violence — Its Nature, Causes and Remedies (England: Penguin Education, 1970).

6.

Gerda R. Wekerle and Carolyn Whitzman, Safe Cities: Guidelines for Planning, Design, and Management (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995). I thank Nichole Dusyk for suggesting this reference. Designing the built environment to reduce crime does not preclude efforts to address poverty, discrimination and social policies that create crime.

7.

John F. C. Turner, Housing by People: Towards Autonomy in Building Environments (New York: Pantheon Books, 1977).

8.

Edmund P. Fowler, Building Cities that Work (Montreal: McGill/Queen’s University Press, 1992).

Notes to Chapter 8

1.

See Brian Martin, “Critique of nuclear extinction,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 19, No. 4, 1982, pp. 288-300; Brian Martin, “How the peace movement should be preparing for nuclear war,” Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1982, pp. 149-159 (revised versions of these articles appear in Brian Martin, Uprooting War (London: Freedom Press, 1984), chapters 15 and 16); Brian Martin, “Politics after a nuclear crisis,” Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, Fall 1990, pp. 69-78. See also Michael Curry, “Beyond nuclear winter: on the limitations of science in political debate,” Antipode, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1986, pp. 244-267; Barry Richards, “Civil defence and psychic defence,” Radical Science 15, 1984, pp. 85-97.

2.

Barton Meyers, “Defense against aerial attack in El Salvador,” Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Vol. 22, Winter 1994, pp. 327-342. I thank Mary Cawte for pointing out this reference.

3.

Barton Meyers, “Disaster study of war,” Disasters, Vol. 15, No. 4, December 1991, pp. 318-330.

4.

Examples of useful sources of this sort are Christopher T. Carey, “Defense against the poor man’s nuclear bomb: biological protection and decontamination,” American Survival Guide, Vol. 20, No. 6, June 1998, pp. 32-33, 58-59 and 68; Hugh D. Crone, Banning Chemical Weapons: The Scientific Background (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).

5.

John B. Alexander, Future War: Non-Lethal Weapons in Twenty-First-Century Warfare (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999); Malcolm Dando, A New Form of Warfare: The Rise of Non-Lethal Weapons (London: Brassey’s, 1996); Nick Lewer and Steven Schofield, Non-Lethal Weapons: A Fatal Attraction? Military Strategies and Technologies for 21st-Century Conflict (London: Zed Books, 1997); David A. Morehouse, Nonlethal Weapons: War Without Death (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996).

6.

Steve Wright, letter to Brian Martin, 29 March 1994.

7.

Steve Wright, letter to Brian Martin, 17 September 1993.

8.