The Crimean War

10

S. Beeton, Our Soldiers and the Victoria Cross: A General Account of the Regiments and Men of the British Army: And Stories of the Brave Deeds which Won the Prize ‘For Valour’ (London, n.d.), p. vi.

11

Markovits, The Crimean War, p. 70.

12

T. Hughes, Tom Brown’s Schooldays (London, n.d.), pp. 278–80.

13

T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford (London, 1868), p. 169.

14

O. Anderson, ‘The Growth of Christian Militarism in Mid-Victorian Britain’, English Historical Review, 86/338 (1971), pp. 46–72; K. Hendrickson, Making Saints: Religion and the Public Image of the British Army, 1809–1885 (Cranbury, NJ, 1998), pp. 9–15; M. Snape, The Redcoat and Religion: The Forgotten History of the British Soldier from the Age of Marlborough to the Eve of the First World War (London, 2005), pp. 90–91, 98.

15

Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars, Ninety-Seventh Regiment (London, 1856) , pp. x, 216–17.

16

Quoted in Markovits, The Crimean War, p. 92.

17

M. Lalumia, Realism and Politics in Victorian Art of the Crimean War (Epping, 1984), pp. 80–86.

18

Ibid., pp. 125–6.

19

Ibid., pp. 136–44; P. Usherwood and J. Spencer-Smith, Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846– 1933 (London, 1987), pp. 29–31.

20

Mrs H. Sandford, The Girls’ Reading Book (London, 1875), p. 183.

21

See e.g. R. Basturk, Bilim ve Ahlak (Istanbul, 2009).

22

Genelkurmay Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Etut Bakanl??, Selcuklular Doneminde Anadoluya Yap?lan Ak?nlar–1799–1802 Osmanl?-Frans?z Harbinde Akka Kalesi Savunmas?–1853–1856 Osmanl?-Rus K?r?m Harbi Kafkas Cephesi (Ankara, 1981), quoted in C. Badem, ‘The Ottomans and the Crimean War (1853–1856)’, Ph.D. diss. (Sabanci University, 2007), pp. 20–21 (translation altered for clarity).

23

A. Khrushchev, Istoriia oborony Sevastopolia (St Petersburg, 1889), pp. 159–6.

24

L. Tolstoy, The Sebastopol Sketches, trans. D. McDuff (London, 1986), pp. 56– 7.

25

N. Dubrovin, 349-dnevnaia zashchita Sevastopolia (St Petersburg, 2005), p. 15.

26

A. Apukhtin, Sochineniia, 2 vols. (St Petersburg, 1895), vol. 2, p. iv. Translation by Luis Sundkvist and the author.

27

M. Kozelsky, Christianizing Crimea: Shaping Sacred Space in the Russian Empire and Beyond (De Kalb, Ill., 2010), pp. 130–39; R. Wortman, Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, vol. 2: From Alexander II to the Abdication of Nicholas II (Princeton, 2000), p. 25; O. Maiorova, ‘Searching for a New Language of Self: The Symbolism of Russian National Belonging during and after the Crimean War’, Ab Imperio, 4 (2006), p. 199.

28

RGVIA, f. 481, op. 1, d. 27, 1. 116; M. Bogdanovich (ed.), Istoricheskii ocherk deiatel’nosti voennago upravlennia v Rossii v pervoe dvatsatipiatiletie blagopoluchnago tsarstvoivaniia Gosudaria Imperatora Aleksandra Nikolaevicha (1855–1880 gg.), 6 vols. (St Petersburg, 1879–81), vol. 1, p. 172.