The Crimean War

deserters evacuation considered evacuation blown up and destroyed (Sept. 1855) Bukhmeier’s pontoon bridge allied armies in possession peace declaration port and fort installations destroyed by allies evacuation from and disposal of war materiel national humiliation and pride national shrine state commemorations The Defence of Sevastopol (panorama) (Roubaud) see also Crimea; Malakhov; Mamelon; Quarry pits; Redan; trench warfare

Seymour, Sir George Hamilton (British ambassador in St Petersburg) on Menshikov and Tsar Nicholas

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl

Shah Shuja, reinstatement of (1839)

Shamil, Imam: revolt in Chechnya infiltrated by Islamic fundamentalists Turkish military help western planned assault and Russian campaign against final defeat by Russian army

Shchegolov, Ensign Alexander, capture of HMS Tiger

Sheffield and Rotherham Independent (newspaper)

Sheik ul-Islam, re-consecration of Hagia Sophia mosque

shell shock

Shil’der, Gen Karl A., at Silistria (1854)

Shil’der, Nikolai, biography of Tsar Nicholas

Shuja Shah Durrani

Siberia: conquest of by Russia Pacific coast theatre of war

Silistria: allied reinforcements Arab Tabia redoubt Russian advance (1853) siege of (1854)

Simferopol the Napoleon III’s field plan Sevastopol wounded

Simpson, Gen Sir James: on French supply organization takes over as C-in-C Crimea

Sinope, battle of (1853): destruction of Turkish fleet response in France view of in Britain

Slade, Adolphus, RN (naval advisor to the Porte) comment on French soldiery

slave trade, after Tanzimat reforms

Slavophile movement support for Bulgarian rebels support for War

Slavs: national identities settlers in conquered areas see also pan-Slavism

Snow, John, prevention of cholera

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK)

Soimonov, Lt-Gen F. I. (10th Division), at Inkerman

Solferino, battle of (1859)

Solovetsky Monastery, bombarded by Royal Navy

Soviet Union: Cold War and Afghanistan commemoration of Sevastopol heroes tensions with NATO dissolution (1991) see also Russia

Soyer, Alexis

Spectateur de Dijon (newspaper)

spectators: at Alma at Balaklava see also war tourism

St George, Lt Col RA, storming of the Malakhov

St Nicholas fortress (Georgia), taken by Bashi Bazouks

St Petersburg, blockade called for

St Vincent de Paul, nuns in French military hospitals

Stakhova, Alexandra (nurse)

Stalin, Joseph: demands changes to Pudovkin’s film demands joint Soviet – Turkish control of Dardanelles

The Standard (newspaper)

Stanley, Edward, Lord Stanley (14th Earl of Derby)

Star Fort (Sevastopol)

Star of the South (ship), lodgings for British officers and wives

steamships, enable fast movement of news

Steevens, Capt Nathaniel (88th Foot): ceasefire fraternization death of Col Egerton

Sterling, Lt-Col Anthony (93rd Highland Bde)

Stockmar, Christian Friedrich, Baron

Straits Convention (1841) see Convention of London

Stroganov, Count, governor-general of New Russia

Sturdza, Alexandru

Sturdza, Michael, Prince of Moldavia

Sukhozanet, Gen Nikolai reports on British threat in Central Asia

Sukhumi

Suleiman Pasha (Ottoman commissioner in Bucharest)

Sulivan, Captain Bartholomew, reports on Baltic fortresses

Sunni Muslims, the Caucasus

supply ships, destroyed by the hurricane (1854)

Sveaborg (Baltic fortress)

Sweden: Baltic sea war and military treaty with Western powers Palmerston’s plans and

Switzerland, source of mercenary soldiers

Sylvester, Henry (Asst. Surgeon)

Syria, riots and attacks on Christians

Taganrog, destruction of part of allied Kerch raid

Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de

Tanzimat reforms cost of Hatt-i Sharif and opposition to support for questioned in Britain

Tarle, Evgeny (Stalin era historian)

Tashkent

Tatars submit to Catherine the Great in Bulgaria exodus from the Crimea misinform allies about Sevastopol defences plan to involve in open field war refugees in Evpatoria reprisals by Russians resettled in Bessarabia revenge attacks in Kerch rise up against Russians upon arrival of allies Russian policy towards

Tatischev, Vasily

Taylor, Sir Herbert, Urquhart and

telegraph: speeds reception of news from the front underwater cable (Balaklava to Varna)

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord: Maud ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’

‘Testament of Peter the Great’

Theodosia (Kefe)

Thiers, Adolphe

Third Section (Russian secret police) attempt to contain rumours reports on more educated classes

Thompson, Elizabeth see Butler, Elizabeth (nee Thompson)

Thoumas, Capt Charles (French army), letters home

Thouvenal, Edouard-Antoine de (French ambassador to the Porte) Hatt-i Humayun decree

Three Emperors’ League (1873)

Thunderer (Russian steam frigate)

Tiger, HMS, aground and captured at Odessa

The Times (newspaper) ‘Anglicus’ articles attacked by Raglan comment on the death of the Tsar draws attention to poor medical conditions in Crimea influence on politics Islamic petition in Constantinople letters from officers and soldiers reaction to Sinope readers’ letters readers’ response to escalating Scutari deaths report on Light Brigade charge

Times Crimean Fund for the Relief of the Sick and Wounded

Timm, Vasily, The Death of Admiral Nakhimov

Titov, Vladimir (Russian ambassador in Constantinople)

Tiutchev, Anna: pan-Slav ideas at court on Tsar Nicholas

Tiutchev, Fedor, pan-Slavism of

Tolstoy, Leo at Silistria attachment of to serfs Plan for the Reform of the Army reformist ideas response to Inkerman defeat in Sevastopol suggests a duel to decide outcome of war transferred to Esky-Ord watches destruction of Sevastopol ‘The Military Gazette’ Anna Karenina A Landowner’s Morning ‘Sevastopol in August’ (short story) ‘Sevastopol in December’ (short story) Sevastopol Sketches War and Peace Youth a memoir

Tolycheva, Tatyana, escape from Sevastopol

Tomkinson, Capt (Light Bde), winter (1854 – 55)

Topal Umer Pasha (allied governor of Evpatoria)

Torrens, Gen Sir Arthur Wellesley (4th Division)

Totleben, Eduard (military engineer) comment on the French army defence of Sevastopol retires wounded

travelogues, impressions of Russia and the East

Trebizond, import of British manufactured goods

trench warfare allied armies after Malakhov and Redan failure daily shelling in allied trenches fraternization with Russians night raids on allied trenches shooting games trench digging trench fatigue/madness see also Sevastopol

Triple Alliance (1856)

Tunisian troops

Turco-Russian War see Crimean War

Turgenev, Ivan: support for Bulgarians Tolstoy and

Turkestan

Turkey see Ottoman Empire

Turks, a minority in the Ottoman Empire

Tuscany, monarch restored

typhus: French army inside Sevastopol

Ukraine: in possession of Crimea (1954) Russia gains possession of Ruthenian (Uniate) Catholics

Ultramontane (Clerical) party (France)

uniforms, belligerant armies

Union franc-comtoise (newspaper)

United States of America: relations with Great Britain relations with Russia sends warships to Eastern Mediterranean (1946)

Unkiar-Skelessi, Treaty of (1833), secret clause

Urquhart, David: anti-Russian agitation in Constantinople free trade speeches member of parliament Palmerston and Polish sympathies sympathy for Turkey and Islam trade mission to Turkey