61 GFK to Durbrow, November 10, 1980, GFK Papers, 12:10.
62 GFK Diary, October 2, 1980. The text of the speech is in GFK, Nuclear Delusion, pp. 134–47. The actual figure for the combined American and Soviet nuclear arsenals in 1980 is approximately 54,000. “Global Nuclear Stockpiles, 1945–2006,” p. 66.
TWENTY-FOUR ? A PRECARIOUS VINDICATION: 1980–1990
1 GFK Diary, March 11, 1981 [misdated, in perhaps a Freudian slip, 1891].
2 Ibid. April 17, 1981. 1.
3 The full text of the speech, partially published in Washington Post on May 24, 1981, is in GFK, Nuclear Delusion, pp. 175–82. For the occasion, see Don Oberdorfer, “Kennan Urges Halving of Nuclear Arsenals,” Washington Post, May 20, 1981. 1.
4 Don Oberdorfer, “George Kennan’s 30-Year Nightmare of Our ‘Final Folly,’” ibid., May 24, 1981; Talbott, Master of the Game, p. 165; Barbara Slavin and Milt Freudenheim, “Kennan: Are We Nuclear Lemmings?” New York Times, May 24, 1981. The Rostow testimony, delivered on June 22, 1981, was excerpted in ibid., June 23,1981.
5 Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, pp. 302, 307–8, 363; Talbott, Master of the Game, pp. 157–59.
6 GFK interview, October 31, 1974, p. 6; GFK Diary, March 22, 1981. 1.
7 Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, p. 352; Cannon, President Reagan, pp. 287–89; Lettow, Reagan and His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, pp. 3–41, 132–34.
8 Bernard Gwertzman, “U.S. Says It Is Not Bound by 2 Arms Pacts With Soviets,” New York Times, May 20, 1981; GFK, “Denuclearization,” ibid., October 11, 1981; Talbott, Master of the Game, pp. 168–70.
9 Reagan National Press Club Speech, November 18, 1981, Public Papers of the Presidents: Reagan, 1981; “George Kennan Calls on U.S. to View Soviet More Soberly,” New York Times, November 18, 1981; “Adding Up the ‘Zero Option’ Will Take Time,” ibid., November 22, 1981. See also Tom Wicker, “A Voice of Rationality,” ibid., December 1, 1981. GFK’s Dartmouth speech is in Nuclear Delusion, pp. 192–207.
10 GFK to Charles James, November 27, 1980, Douglas James Papers; GFK, “A Risky Equation,” New York Times, February 18, 1981; GFK Diary, February 20, 1981. Reagan’s January 29 press conference is in Public Papers of the Presidents: Reagan, 1981. See also Hayward, Conservative Counterrevolution, p. 97.
11 GFK Diary, March 19, 22, April 16, 1981.
12 Reagan Notre Dame speech, May 17, 1981, in Public Papers of the Presidents: Reagan, 1981.
13 GFK Diary, May 27, 1981.
14 Reagan to John O. Koehler, July 9, 1981, in Skinner, Anderson, and Anderson, Reagan, p. 375. See also Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, pp. 349–53, and Matlock, Reagan and Gorbachev, pp. 3–26.
15 Pipes, Vixi, p. 193; GFK to Reston, November 28, 1978, GFK Papers, 41:9. For Reagan’s jokes, as well as a summary of what more sophisticated indicators were showing about the Soviet economy, see Hayward, Conservative Counterrevolution, pp. 102–16.
16 GFK,“As the Kremlin Sees It,” New York Times, January 6, 1982; “The Kennan Doctrine,” New York Times, January 10, 1982. See also “George Kennan Says Sanctions Were Hasty,” ibid., January 4, 1982.
17 GFK to Durbrow, January 6, 1982, GFK Papers, 12:10.
18 GFK to Charles James, January 1, 1982, Douglas James Papers; GFK Diary, January 10, 1982.
19 GFK Diary, March 11, July 30, 1982; “139 in Congress Urge Nuclear Arms Freeze by U.S. and Moscow,” New York Times, March 11,1982; GFK interview, September 4,1984, pp. 26–27. Schell’s New Yorker articles became a best-selling book, The Fate of the Earth. For the “freeze,” see Wittner, Toward Nuclear Abolition, pp. 313– 15.
20 GFK to Louis Halle, March 7, 1983, GFK Papers, 18:4.
21 Bundy interview, pp. 12–13; Hayward, Conservative Counterrevolution, pp. 240– 42.
22 GFK interview, September 4, 1984, pp. 24–25; Bundy interview, p. 13; J. Bryan Hehir to JLG, January 15, 2011, JLG Papers; McGeorge Bundy, George F. Kennan, Robert S. McNamara, and Gerard Smith,“Nuclear Weapons and the Atlantic Alliance,” Foreign Affairs 60 (Spring 1982), 753– 68.
23 GFK Diary, April 7, 1982; “U.S. Refuses to Bar Possible First Use of Nuclear Arms,” New York Times, April 7, 1982; “2 Bonn Parties Cool to Ban on First Use of Atom Arms,” ibid., April 10, 1982. Haig’s April 6, 1982, speech is in Department of State Bulletin 82 (May 1982), 31–34.
24 GFK Diary, March 28, May 7, 1982.
25 Reagan’s May 9, 1982, speech is in Public Papers of the Presidents: Reagan, 1982.
26 “Nuclear Weapons and Christian Faith,” in GFK, At a Century’s Ending, pp. 69– 71.
27 GFK Diary, February 28, 1980.
