The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception

12. The Temple Scroll, LXVI, 10ff. (Vermes, p. 158). See also Eisenman’s appendix to James the Just in the Habakkuk Pesher, entitled ‘The “Three Nets of Belial” in the Zadokite Document and “balla/BELA” in the Temple Scroll’, pp. 87-94.

13. Eisenman, ibid., p.89.

14. Ibid., demonstrating the niece-marriage connection to Herodians.

15. Parts of eight copies of the ‘Damascus Document’ were found in Cave 4, parts of another in Cave 5 and one more in Cave 6.

16. Eisenman, appendix to James the Just in the Habakkuk Pesher, ‘The “Three Nets of Belial” in the Zadokite Document and “balla/bela” in the Temple Scroll’, pp.87-94.

17. The Damascus Document, VIII, 21-21b (Vermes, p.90). (All line numbers for this document are from the edition of C. Rabin.)

18. Ibid., XX, 15 (Vermes, p.90).

19. Ibid., MS ‘A’, VII, 18-20 (Vermes, p.89).

20. Ibid., VII, 21a (Vermes, p.88); XX, 1 (Vermes, p.90); XII, 23 (Vermes, p.97); XIII, 20 (Vermes, p.98); XIV, 19 (Vermes, p.99).

21. See Eisenman, Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran, p. 68, n.120; p.69, n.122.

22. Ibid., p.42, n.19. In addition to the documents we have mentioned, reference to the ‘Liar’ or to those who reject the Law can be found in the Psalm 37 Commentary and other Qumran texts.

23. Ibid., p.xv.

24. Josephus, The Jewish Wars, VI, vi. See aso Driver, The Judaean Scrolls, pp. 211-14; Eisenman, James the Just in the Habakkuk Pesher, p.27.

10. Science in the Service of Faith

1. See, for example, Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English, pp.29, 31; de Vaux, Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls, pp.116-17.

2. Driver, The Judaean Scrolls, p.211.

3. De Vaux, in New Testament Studies, vol.xiii (1966-7), p.91.

4. Ibid., p.93.

5. Ibid.

6. Eisenman, in Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran, exposes de Vaux’s treatment of Driver; see p.47, n.47; p.56, n.92; p.57, n.93; p.72, n.129; p.83 (n.155).

7. North, ‘Qumran and its Archaeology’, p.434.

8. A British architect with previous experience of repairing earthquake-damaged buildings was in charge of the reconstruction of the Qumran ruins for the Jordanian government prior to the war of 1967. He stated that there was no evidence that the Qumran buildings were damaged by earthquake and gave, as his opinion, that the crack in the cistern was caused by the weight of water coupled with faulty construction or repair. See Steckoll, ‘Marginal Notes on the Qumran Excavations’, p.34.

9. Callaway, The History of the Qumran Community, p.45.

10. Milik, Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea, p. 52.

11. De Vaux, ‘Fouilles au Khirbet Qumran’, p.233. This article appeared in 1954.

12. De Vaux, in New Testament Studies, vol.xiii (1966-7), p. 104.

13. De Vaux, ‘Les Manuscrits de Qumran et l’archeologie’, p. 100.

14. Cross, The Ancient Library of Qumran, p.47.

15. Roth, ‘Did Vespasian capture Qumran?’, p. 124.

16. De Vaux, L’archeologie et les manuscrits de la mer morte, p.32, n.1; Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls, p.40, n.1. In addition, it is worth noting that in the absence of any complete publication of de Vaux’s excavation results certain doubts linger about all his coin discoveries. The Israeli coin expert Ya’acov Meshorer told Eisenman that neither he nor anyone else he knew had ever seen de Vaux’s coins. Eisenman, Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran, p.93, n.173. See also p.94, n.175 for the so-called ‘10th Legion’ coin.

17. De Vaux, Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls, p.67.

18. Ibid., pp.19, 22, 34, 37, 44-5. It is difficult to be precise about the exact numbers of coins found and their identification until the long-delayed publication of de Vaux’s final report on the excavation. The archaeological reports published in Revue biblique have, by de Vaux’s own admission, been incorrect with regard to the coin identification. See ibid, p. 19, n.3.

19. Ibid., p. 109.

20. Eisenman, op. cit., p.34.

21. Ibid., p.92 (n.168).

22. De Vaux, op. cit., p.43.

23. Driver, op. cit., p.396.

24. Ibid., p.394.

25. De Vaux, in New Testament Studies, vol.xiii (1966-7), p.99, n.l.

26. Danielou, The Dead Sea Scrolls and Primitive Christianity, pp.121—2.

27. De Vaux, Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls, p. 28. See also Eisenman, op. cit., p.94, n.174.

28. Cross, op. cit., p.51.

29. Driver, op. cit., p.397.

30. Golb, ‘The Dead Sea Scrolls’, p. 182. In Science Times, 21 November 1989, p.C8, Golb said of Qumran, ‘There’s nothing to show it was anything but a fortress.’

31. Golb, ‘The Problem of Origin and Identification of the Dead Sea Scrolls’, p.5.

32. Cross, op. cit., pp.86-7.

33. Cross, ‘The Development of the Jewish Scripts’, in Wright, The Bible and the Ancient Near East, p. 135. See also Eisenman, op. cit., pp.28-31; p.82, n.155; p.84, n.156 and n.157; p.86, n.158 and n.159; p.87, n.l61;p.88, n.163.

34. Cross, ibid., p. 191, n.20.

35. Birnbaum, The Hebrew Scripts, p. 130. This was first pointed out by Eisenman, op. cit., p.85 (n.157).

36. Eisenman, op. cit., p.85 (n.157).

37. Davies, ‘How Not to do Archaeology: the Story of Qumran’, p. 206.

38. Eisenman, op. cit., p.29.

39. Ibid., p.30.

40. Eisenman to authors, 7 July 1990.

41. Roth, ‘The Zealots and Qumran: The Basic Issue’, p.84.

11. The Essenes

1. The main classical references to the Essenes are found in: Josephus, Life; The Jewish Wars, II, viii; Antiquities of the Jews, XVIII, i Philo Judaeus, Every Good Man is Free, XII-XIII; Hypothetica, 11 Pliny, Natural History, V, xv.

2. Josephus, The Jewish Wars, II, viii.

3. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, XV, x.