Useful Enemies

109–11; and IRO eligibility, 208–9; and the Linnas case, 254–55; and Nazi scientists, 83, 98; and public relations, 172; role in prosecuting war criminals, 104–5; as source of war crimes evidence, 54; war crimes convictions in, 29

space program, 77–78, 83

Spain, 14

Special Forces, 341, 542, 543

Special Litigation Unit (SLU), 126–27, 140

Special Operations Division (SOD), 317

Spector, Shmuel, 429

Speer, Albert, 90–91, 93, 97

Spellman, Francis Cardinal, 71–72

Sprogis, Elmars, 166–67

SS (Schutzstaffel). See also Waffen SS: and American recruitment of Nazi assets, 542; and Braunsteiner case, 31, 40; and displaced persons, 21–24; and involuntary collaboration, 530–32; and Rajchman’s testimony, 200–201; and Rovno transit camp, xiv; and Schefler’s testimony, 183; and status of Trawniki men, 136; and tattoo identifiers, 250; use of Kapos, 212; and Verbelen, 437; and war crimes trial (Jerusalem), 430; and war crimes trial (Munich), 507, 533

St. Vladimir’s Ukrainian Orthodox Church, xviii, 174–75, 238, 373, 434

Stalin, Joseph: and American spy networks, 436, 443, 457; and the artificial famine (Holodomor), xii-xiii, 175–76; and denaturalization trial (1981), 219; and deportation trial (1983), 275, 282–84, 282–87, 293, 295; and the Gehlen Organization, 457; and Malaxa, 34; policy toward Nazi collaborators, 18, 138; and Sokolov, 540; and Soviet POWs, xvi; and war crimes trial (Jerusalem), 355, 404–5

Stangl, Franz, 508

Starver, Robert, 96

Stashynsky, Bohdan, 270

State-Army-Navy-Air Force Coordinating Committee (SANACC), 330–31, 332, 334

State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC), 78

Stein, Albrecht, 515

Steiner, Jean-Francois, 302

Streep, Meryl, 102

Streibel, Karl: analysis of signature, 130–31; and definition of collaboration, 532; and denaturalization trial (1981), 187–88, 192, 194, 241–42, 245, 247; and denaturalization trial (2001), 498; and destruction of camp records, 138; and training of SS troops, 133, 135; and war crimes trial (Jerusalem), 374–75, 378, 389–90, 392, 394–95, 401, 427; and war crimes trial (Munich), 508, 532

Stroop, Jurgen, 305

Strughold, Hubertus, 56, 73, 79, 82–84, 451

Suffolk University Law School, 140

Swastika and Eagle (Ruffner), 542

Sweden, 12–13

Switzerland, 7

T-4 euthanasia program, 42–43, 198–99

Tabachuk, Juliana, 474

tabun nerve gas, 101

Tal, Zvi, 351, 379, 423, 432

Tartu, 252–53

tattoos, xv, 228–34, 236, 244–45, 250, 406, 429, 501

Tatunik, Oleg, 474–75

Taylor, Myron C., 6, 7

Taylor, Robert S., 259

terrorism, 161–66

Teufel, Ernst, 130–31, 184, 187–88, 192–94, 245, 247, 303, 374–75, 378

Texas State Senate, 83

38th Estonian Police Battalion, 253

This Is Artukovic (magazine), 70–71

Thomas, Evan, 340

Tigar, Michael, 498

Tito, Josip Broz, 71

Traficant, James, 469, 484, 490

Trawniki: and Danilchenko’s testimony, 156–58; and denaturalization trial (1981), 179–86, 187–90, 192–95, 199, 201–4, 207, 209, 211–14, 215, 226, 228–31, 234–38, 239–46, 247–51; and denaturalization trial (2001), 497– 505; and deportation trial (1983), 268, 271, 298, 302–5, 307–10; description and purpose of, 132–38; documents captured by Soviets, 436; and the doubt memo, 151–53; and Jasiuk, 320; and Jerusalem trial appeal, 470, 476, 479, 482–83; and the Jerusalem war crimes trial, 346, 350, 358, 362, 374–79, 384, 389–96, 398, 400–402, 405–12, 426–28; and legacy of the Demjanjuk case, 535–36; and OSI’s Dumpster files, 486–88, 490–91; and politics of Demjanjuk case, 458; and war crimes trial (Munich), 507–8, 510, 517–19, 524–25, 530–32

Treblinka: and appeal of Jerusalem verdict, 462, 463, 465, 466, 468, 474, 476–80; construction of, 25; and denaturalization trial (1981), 180, 182, 184, 186, 195, 197–99, 200–214, 206–7, 228, 236–37, 239–40, 242, 245, 248–50; and denaturalization trial (2001), 499, 501, 504; and deportation trial (1983), 276–78, 300–303, 305, 313; and the Fedorenko case, 110–11; interviews of survivors, 112–16, 128; and legacy of the Demjanjuk case, 534–36; and OSI’s Dumpster files, 488–92, 495; and Parker’s doubt memo, 150–53, 158; uprisings at, 137; and war crimes trial (Jerusalem), 345, 348–50, 352–53, 359, 362, 365–73, 379, 383, 406–7, 410, 412, 414–21, 421–22, 423–26, 428, 430, 432; and war crimes trial (Munich), 506–8, 520–21

Treisch, G.M., 289–90

Trifa, Valerian (Viorel): and American spy networks, 438, 451, 452; and Barbie, 258, 260; and church politics, 61–62; and Cold War politics, 62–70, 73; contrasted with Demjanjuk, 536; defense of, 97; and deportation trial (1983), 291; as OSI target, 127; and route to Demjanjuk, 56; and Sokolov, 540; voluntary deportation, 159; wartime activities, 58–61

Truman, Harry, 15, 20, 34, 77, 78–79, 210, 212, 298, 321, 334

T-teams, 74–76

Turkey, 51

Turowsky, Eugen, 113–14, 362

25th SS Cavalry Corps (Cossack unit), 295–96

Ukraine and Ukrainian community: and the “Belarus Project,” 317; and Demjanjuk’s immigration to U.S., xviii; and denaturalization process, 177; and the Displaced Persons Act, 21; and Fedorenko’s deportation, 123; and Hanusiak, 109; and Holocaust collaborators, 326; impact of Jerusalem trial, 373; and insurgent groups, 444–48, 446n; and the Karbach list, 104; and legacy of the Demjanjuk case, 535; and the Linnas case, 257; and list of war criminals, 108, 109–10; and nationalism, 176, 442–46; and Nazi slave labor, 93; and opening of the Demjanjuk case, 180; and ruling in Demjanjuk case, 251; and scope of refugee problem, 21; and significance of Sobibor, 412; and Soviet disinformation, 174–75; and Soviet PO Wissue, 282; and Stalin’s rule, xii-xiii, 175–76; support for Demjanjuk, 238; and tensions at Demjanjuk’s trial, 200; and transportation of POWs, 181–82; and Trawniki recruits, 132, 193; and U.S. immigration policy, 30; and Volksdeutsche, 16–17; and war crimes trial (Jerusalem), 433–34, 481

Ukrainian Congress, 373

Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), 444–48, 446n

Ukrainian People’s Republic, 218

Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR), 447

Ukrainian Supreme Soviet, 475

United States of America v. John Demjanjuk, AKA Iwan Grozny (Ivan the Terrible), 116, 171