Useful Enemies

U.S. Aero Medical Center, 82

U.S. Air Force, 77–79, 82–83, 97

U.S. Army, 21, 28, 42, 68, 99–103, 242, 272, 332, 337–40, 406, 408, 411, 441, 446n, 452. See also Counter Intelligence Corps, U.S. Army (CIC)

U.S. Army Intelligence, 82

U.S. Army Signal Corps, 273, 292

U.S. Code of Criminal Procedure, 487

U.S. Congress, 5, 15–16, 20, 29–30, 66, 79, 124, 171, 218, 254, 314–15, 339. See also Holtzman, Elizabeth

U.S. Consular Service, 211

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, 251, 312, 485, 487, 491–95, 497–98, 545

U.S. Department of Defense, 140, 334 538, 541–44

U.S. Department of Justice: and the Artukovic case, 70, 72; and the Barbie case, 257, 261; and the Belarus Project, 141; and the Braunsteiner case, 39, 171; changing attitudes at, 102; and charges against Demjanjuk, xix; and declassification of documents, 538; and forensics experts, 377; and guerilla warfare units, 339; and Hanusiak, 109; and Holtzman, 52, 104; and Hoover’s interest in Nazi collaborators, 539; and immigration loopholes, 124; and Lebed, 446n, 449; and legacy of the Demjanjuk case, 538; and the Linnas case, 254, 255–56; and Malaxa, 35–36; and opening of the Demjanjuk trial, 171, 179; and OSI directors, 139; and OSI’s Dumpster files, 490, 495; and Parker’s doubt memo, 154; and plea deals, 159; and policy toward Nazi collaborators, 314, 317, 322; and push for special prosecutors, 126–27; and the Soobzokov case, 50, 162; and Soviet PO Wissue, 283; and Strughold, 84; and Trifa, 64; and Verbelen, 436, 441; and the Walus trial, 149

U.S. Department of State: and American recruitment of Nazi assets, 543; and anticommunism, 28–29; and the Artukovic case, 70, 71; and the Belarus Project, 140, 141; and the Bermuda Conference, 13–14; changing attitudes at, 102; and Cold War politics, 105–7; and Cold War tactics, 326–27, 330; collaboration with Israel, 111; and declassification of documents, 538, 541–44; and espionage efforts, 331, 332, 334 and the Evian Conference, 5, 7; and the Gehlen Organization, 449; and Hoover’s interest in Nazi collaborators, 539; and immigration policy, 30; and kidnapping of Nazi scientists, 77; and Lebed, 449; and the Linnas case, 253, 254; and Loftus’s Belorussia charges, 314; and the Maikovskis case, 46; and Operation Bloodstone, 335, 336, 337; and OSI’s Dumpster files, 490; and policy toward Nazi collaborators, 317, 318, 320–21, 323, 324; and Poppe, 336; and QR Plumb, 442; and Soviet POW issue, 283, 287; and the St. Louis affair, 10; and Swedish refugee plan, 12– 13

U.S. Department of the Treasury, 377

U.S. Department of War, 77–78, 99, 282, 283, 285, 289. See also U.S. Department of Defense

U.S. Detention Camp Marcus W. Orr, 440

U.S. District Court, 149

U.S. High Commission, 22–23

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, 435

U.S. Information Agency, 172

U.S. Military Police, 289

U.S. Navy, 38n, 77–79

U.S. Supreme Court, 24, 111–12, 122, 149, 171, 183, 212, 250, 332, 492–93, 524

Ustasha, 57–58, 63, 70–72, 160, 176, 258, 260, 542

V-2 rockets, 68, 90–91, 93–97

Vaitsen, Alexei, 519

“Vatican Ratline,” 260, 454, 544

Veiss, Voldemars, 26

Verbelen, Robert Jan, 436–39, 440–42, 446, 456, 458

Veterans of Foreign Wars, 5

Vichy regime, 528

Vietnam War, 102

Viks, Ervin, 253

Visti z Ukrainy (News from Ukraine), 128–29

visual spectral comparator (VSC), 393

Vlasov, Andrei, xv, 282, 355. See also Russian Liberation Army (Vlasov’s army)

Voice of America, 335

Volksdeutsche: and American spy networks, 333, 335, 438, 440; and deportation trial (1983), 286; and Latvian Nazi collaborators, 26; and Pap, 215–16; and Rajchman’s testimony, 201; and Romania, 329; and Schaefer, 192–93; and scope of refugee problem, 21; and testimony on Sobibor, 156; and Trawniki recruits, 132, 134–35; and Ukrainian culture, 176; and Verbelen, 438

Von Bolschwing, Otto Albrecht Alfred, 59–60, 68–70, 73, 96, 127, 159, 260, 451, 541–42

Von Braun, Werner, 89–91, 95–98, 445–46, 451–52

Von Ribbentrop, Joachim, 336

Waffen SS. See also SS (Schutzstaffel): and American recruitment of Nazi assets, 542; Belarus Brigade, 320; and Berzins, 217–18; Demjanjuk’s induction into, xv; and Demjanjuk’s testimony, 406; and DPC immigration policy, 22–24; and involuntary collaboration, 530–32; and Lebed, 447; and Operation Bloodstone, 336; and Pap, 216; and Reiss, 302–4; and the Soobzokov case, 48, 164; and Soodla, 253–54; and Soviet PO Wissue, 282, 283, 286; and U.S. Cold War tactics, 330; and U.S. guerilla warfare units, 338; and war crimes trial (Jerusalem), 429

Wagenaar, Willem, 414–20, 479

Walther, Thomas, 509

Walus, Frank, 143–49, 177, 181, 195, 207, 228, 266, 268, 274, 276–78, 353, 432, 466, 480, 489

Wanted! The Hunt for Nazis in America (Blum), 161

War Relief Services, 217

Warsaw Ghetto, 13, 135, 203, 305

Watergate, 102

Wehrmacht soldiers, 283, 286, 336

Weiss, Avi, 485

Weizmann, Chaim, 4

Weltz, Georg, 82–83

West Germany, 40, 228

Westerbork, 456

White, Byron, 141

White Sands Proving Grounds, 96, 97

Wiesenthal, Simon, 31–32, 33, 44, 113, 266

Wiseman, Thomas A., Jr., 491–94

Wisner, Frank, 320–21, 328–30, 332–34, 335, 339, 341, 446–48, 452, 457

Wolf, Michael, 302, 305

World Association of Document Examiners (WADE), 389

World Jewish Congress, 32, 44

World War I, 51, 354

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 97

Yachenko, Wasyl, 109

Yad Vashem Holocaust center, 324–25

Yalta Conference, xvi, 286–88, 293, 297–98, 336

Yehezkeli, Yisrael, 463–64, 482–84

Yemets, Aleksandr, 475–76

Yugoslavia, 58, 70–71, 71–72, 104, 284