225. Brechtken, 16, 32ff.; and Leni Yahil, ‘Madagascar — Phantom of a Solution for the Jewish Question’, in Bela Vago and George L. Mosse (eds.), Jews and Non-Jews in Eastern Europe, New York, 1974, 315–34, here 315–19, where consideration by the Polish government in the later 1930s of Madagascar as an area to resettle Jews, leading to talks with the French government about the proposal, is also outlined. On 5 March 1938, Heydrich instructed Eichmann to prepare a memorandum indicating that emigration could no longer, partly for financial reasons, be regarded as a solution to the ‘Jewish Question’, and that it was therefore necessary ‘to find a foreign-political solution as had already been negotiated between Poland and France’ (‘und dass man darum herantreten muss, eine au?enpolitische Losung zu finden, wie sie bereits zwischen Polen und Frankreich verhandelt wurde’). An arrow pointed to ‘Madagaskar-Projekt’ written in the margin. (Cit. Yahil, ‘Madagascar’, 321.)
226. Christopher Browning, The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office, New York/London, 1978, 35.
227. Richard Breitman, The Architect of Genocide. Himmler and the Final Solution, London, 1991, 122. The French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet had reported in late 1938 that, if other governments participating in the Evian Committee were prepared to contribute, France ‘would consider the settlement in Madagascar and New Caledonia of 10,000 persons’, though these were not to be of German origin. (Brechtken, 204. And see Yahil, ‘Madagascar’, 319.)
228. IMG, xxviii.539, 1816-PS (Minutes of meeting of 12 November 1938); Yahil, ‘Madagascar’, 322; Breitman, Architect, 122.
229. Breitman, Architect, 121, mentions Hitler speaking to Jodl on 20 May about demanding the return of German colonies as part of a settlement with Britain and (276 n.24) Himmler already working out plans for a colonial police.
230. Helmut Krausnick, ‘Denkschrift Himmlers uber die Behandlung der Fremdvolkischen im Osten (Mai 1940)’, VfZ 5 (1957), 194–8, here 197. For the significance of Himmler’s remarks on extermination, as regards the Jews, see the interpretation of Breitman, Architect, 121 and n.
231. Breitman, Architect, 118 and 275–6 n.11. Aly, 140, has 25 June, but this seems an error.
232. Krausnick, ‘Denkschrift’, 197 (transl., N&P, iii.932).
233. Hans-Jurgen Doscher, Das Auswartige Amt in Dritten Reich. Diplomatie im Schatten der ‘Endlosung’, Berlin, 1987, 215; see also Yahil, ‘Madagascar’, 325; Browning, Final Solution, 36; Breitman, Architect, 123.
234. Doscher, Das Auswartige Amt, 219–20.
235. Browning, Final Solution, 37.
236. Doscher, Das Auswartige Amt, 217–18.
237. Doscher, Das Auswartige Amt, 217. See Lukacs, Duel, 142 n.
238. Doscher, Das Auswartige Amt, 218–19; Yahil, ‘Madagascar’, 326; Browning, Final Solution, 40–41.
239. Schmidt, 495.
240. CP, 374; see also CD (18–19 June 1940), where Ribbentrop is reported to have said ‘that there is a German project to round up and send the Jews to Madagascar’.
241. Lagevortrage, 107 (20 June 1940); Brechtken, 230; Browning, Path, 18. According to the note of the meeting with Raeder, Hitler spoke, remarkably, of ‘French responsibility’ for the Jews to be deported to Madagascar. Raeder suggested exchanging Madagascar for the northern part of Portuguese Angola. Hitler said he would have the suggestion tested. The exchange hints at superficial interest in the Madagascar proposal.
242. DTB Frank, 252; Aly, 146–7 (and n.35); and Faschismus, 57.
243. John P. Fox, ‘German Bureaucrat or Nazified Ideologue? Ambassador Otto Abetz and Hitler’s Anti- Jewish Policies 1940–44’, in Michael Graham Fry (ed.), Power, Personalities, and Policies. Essays in Honour of Donald Cameron Watt, London, 1992, 175–232, here 184; Doscher, Das Auswartige Amt, 216; Breitman, Architect, 128. The meeting took place on 3 August.
244. TBJG, 1/8, 276 (17 August 1940).
245. Goebbels thought the film was finished, but within three days had to rework it (TBJG, I/7, 264 (9 January 1940), 268 (12 January 1940); Hornshoh-Moller, 19).
246. TBJG, 1/8, 159 (6 June 1940).
247. TBJG, 1/8, 236 (25 July 1940).
248. Breitman, Architect, 131–2.
249. Patzold, Verfolgung, 271–5; Hilberg, 392.
250. Breitman, Architect, 135.
251. IMG, xxxix, 425–9, Doc. 172-USSR; DTB Frank, 302 (6 November 1940); Breitman, Architect, 142–3. Frank was also told by Hitler that he would have to accept more Poles deported to his area from the incorporated territories. Their standard of living was immaterial.
252. Breitman, Architect, 137; Hilberg, 166; Ulrich Herbert, ‘Labour and Extermination: Economic Interest and the Primacy of Weltanschauung in National Socialism’, Past and Present, 138 (1993), 144–95, here 158ff.
253. Breitman, Architect, 139.
254. DTB Frank, 318–20 (11 January 1941); Breitman, Architect, 143.
255. IMG, xxviii.301, Doc.1776-PS; Klee, Dokumente, 298; Hillgruber, Strategie, 178.
256. Michalka, ‘From the Anti-Comintern Pact’, 282; Hillgruber, Strategie, 179; Carr, Poland, 117.
257. Carr, Poland, 107.
258. Domarus, 1588–9; Carr, Poland, 107–8; Michalka, ‘From the Anti-Comintern Pact’, 281–3; Bloch, 303–6; Weinberg III, 168–9, 182, 248.
259. Hillgruber, Strategie, 188–92.
260. Hillgruber, Strategie, 189–90; and see Carr, Poland, 117.
261. Hillgruber, Strategie, 190.
262. Bloch, 308–10.
263. CP, 395–9; Bloch, 307.
264. CD, 296 (4 October 1940).
265. CD, 297 (12 October 1940); CP, 398.
266. Bloch, 311.
267. Staatsmanner, i.124–33; and see Jackel, Frankreich, 105–17.
268. Bloch, 310.
269. Halder KTB, ii.133 (11 October 1940); Weizsacker- Papiere, 221 (21 October 1940).
270. Preston, Franco, 393.
271. Schmidt, 510–11, claimed that Franco’s train was an hour late. In fact, it was eight minutes late (Preston, Franco, 394).
272. Schmidt, 511.
273. The following account is based upon Staatsmanner I, 133–40 (quotation,
