Hitler. 1936-1945: Nemesis

Frohlich family 145

Fromm, Colonel-General Friedrich 450, 644, 651, 659, 669, 670, 675, 676, 678, 681–3, 689, 690

Fuhrer Bunker, Berlin 788, 791, 824, 827, 830; communications 811–12, 818; described 775–6; Greim arrives 812; H and Eva Braun commit suicide 828; H’s fifty-sixth birthday 797–8; Speer unable to break free from H 806; Weidling made responsible for Berlin’s defence 808

Fuhrer Chancellery (Chancellery of the Fuhrer of the NSDAP) 257–8, 259, 260

Fuhrer cult 94, 183, 184, 185, 188, 198, 227, 229, 556, 614, 774

‘Fuhrer Headquarters’: the first (Pomerania, then Upper Silesia) 235–6; Wolf’s Lair, near Rastenburg see Wolf’s Lair

‘Fuhrer Machine’ 524, 710

Fuhrer-Informationen 710

Fuhrerbegleitkommando 830

Funk, Walther 58, 143, 219, 312, 434, 569, 571, 573, 678, 823, 837

Furth 582

Furtwangler, Wilhelm 13, 513

Fuschl, near Salzburg 203, 595

G

Gabcik, Josef 518–19

Galen, Clemens August Graf von 427–30

Galicia 493, 629

Galland, Adolf 732

Gargzdai, Lithuania 463–4

Garmisch-Partenkirchen: Winter Olympics (February 1936) 5

Gatow aerodrome 801, 806, 809

Gau Unterfranken (Lower Franconia) 37

Gaukonigshofen 142

Gaulle, General Charles de 329, 331, 722

Gaullist movement 328

Gay, Peter 145

Gedye, G.E.R. 84–5

Gehlen, General Reinhard 756, 757

Gelsenkirchen 514, 761

General Army Office 659

General Plan for the East (Generalplan-Ost) 462, 476

General War Office (Allgemeines Heeresamt) 668

Geneva conventions 394–5

Genghis Khan xvii, 756, 772

Genoa 595

genocide xl, 493; all-out genocidal programme 461, 462; attempts to conceal the evidence 766–7; genocidal link between war and the killing of Jews 151; H’s responsibility 487; Jews dehumanized 142; Jews excluded from German society 142; in the Russian campaign (1941) 248, 249; separate strands pulled together 492; the Wannsee Conference and 493

George, Stefan 667

Gercke, Lieutenant-General Rudolf 450

German army: anti-Polish feeling 235, 237; anti-tank gun devloped 448; and armaments factory workers 300; assassination conspiracy (1944) 86, 224, 358, 359, 651–84; Brauchitsch controls 94; Brauchitsch resigns 451–2, 453; conscription reintroduced (1935) 10; crisis of confidence 103, 450; desertions 763; display of prototype tanks 632; driven out of Libya 546; eastern front stabilized 455–6; enters Czechoslovakia (1939) 171; expansion 10; forces against Timoshenko 433; fuel shortage 530, 635, 696; General Staff 98, 102, 393, 408, 418, 438, 528, 533, 534, 544, 578, 650, 687, 688, 696, 757–8, 769, 782, 787, 826; and German dominance xliv; H takes on the supreme command 452–3; the Halt Order (August 1941) 451–5, 462, 507; High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres; OKH) 287, 357, 361, 381, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414, 417, 418, 434, 435, 439, 452, 505, 514, 528, 655, 661, 662, 671, 675, 811; H’s aim 20; legacy of the Blomberg-Fritsch affair 94; losses of weapons and vehicles 515; major changes in leadership 188; moral codex of the officer corps 59; a new panzer army 448; officer corps 86; Operations Department 396; prepares for a spring offensive in Russia (1942) 447, 448, 456, 509; relations with the SS 247, 248; retreating troops (1945) 760; robbery and plundering by (1945) 763; size of xxxvi–xxxviii, 284, 515; support of H’s regime xv; told to hold position in Russia 453–4; the toll of ‘Barbarossa’ 409; transfer of divisions to the east 305–6; view of military action against Poland 159; weak leadership 225; winter crisis in Russia 439–42, 447, 450–56, 490, 499, 516

German Communist Party see Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD)

German embassy, Stockholm 287

German Labour Front see Deutsche Arbeitsfront

German navy 58, 59, 277, 278, 289, 302; H on 509, 825; High Command 367; and iron-ore imports 286; and the naval pact with Britain 190; prepares for war with Britain 94, 100; rebuilding of 38, 47, 50; in Scandinavia 287, 289; Z-Plan 159, 191, 284

German Order of the Eagle 449, 525

German-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (23 September 1939) 238

‘Germania’, intended new Nazi capital 183

Germanization 235, 244, 250–1, 318, 476

Germany: Abteilung Landesverteidigung (National Defence Department) 307; agreement with Austria (1936) 4, 24, 25, 45, 66, 67; Air Ministry 144; alliance with Italy 24–6, 68; American air-raids on fuel plants 635; anti- aircraft weapon development 449; armaments industry 300, 563, 567, 707, 711, 712; ascendancy destabilizes the international order 4; austerity drive (1944) 712; becomes a major power again 28–9; black-marketeering 506, 508; bureaucracy 566–7; capitulation signed 6 May 1945 835; civil service xv, 575; colonies 67, 100, 176, 203, 216, 264, 293, 328; complicity over deportation of Jews 495; cultural despair xlii; declares war on the United States (11 December 1941) 444–6, 486–7, 490; delay in attacking Russia 368; dialects 434; ‘East Wall’ 159–60; economic agreement with Russia (January 1941) 343; elections (1938) 82–3; expansionism xliv–xlv, 24, 49; fatalities 236; flak installations issue 524, 543, 554; Foreign Ministry xliv, 15, 100, 188, 189, 190, 237, 262, 268, 271, 284, 321, 350, 770; Foreign Office 13, 14, 15, 26, 44, 58, 60, 63–4, 67, 87, 89, 90, 95, 121, 262, 478, 492, 539; Four-Year Plan 12, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 57, 63, 66, 67, 68, 89, 143–4, 161, 226, 313, 354, 406; fuel shortage 11, 18, 345; the German greeting 703; growing domestic consumption 9; H becomes the law 511; H blocks proposals to cut down on bureaucracy 574; housing 449; H’s approval of a German-Japanese alliance 448; intelligence 626, 734, 735, 756; judicial system capitulates to the police state 507; judicial system scapegoated 508, 510–11, 522; loses the initiative in the war (1941) 457; Ministerial Bureau 262, 269; Ministry of Armaments 10; Ministry of the Eastern Territories 492; Ministry of Economics 20, 22, 58, 162; Ministry of Finance 574; Ministry of Food 10; Ministry of the Interior 76, 80, 257–60, 312, 492; Ministry of Justice 426, 492, 506, 508–9; Ministry of War 43, 57, 58; Mitteldeutschland xviii; mobilization 169; and the Munich Agreement 122; Mussolini’s state visit (1937) 38, 44–5, 98; national anthem 6, 561; ‘National Day of Celebration of the German People’ (1 May) 37; national debt 161; national pride xv, xvi, xxxix; Naval Pact with Britain (1935) xxxviii, 23; nemesis xvii; new importance in international affairs xxxvi; non-aggression pact with Russia (1939) 205, 206, 210–11, 212, 228, 236, 238, 285, 292, 326, 385; ‘Pact of Steel’ with Italy 193; position against Poland strengthened 165; Post Office 171; Propaganda Ministry 82, 313, 352, 365, 386, 473, 566, 567, 680, 689, 710, 765; reaction to the fate of the 6th Army 551–2; rearmament xxxviii, xliv, xlv, 1, 9–10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22, 25–6, 43, 160, 161, 163, 237; reassertiveness xxxvi; seeks a national hero xlii–xliii; steel industry 603; supports Italy in the Abyssinian conflict 4; Transport Ministry 507; Tripartite Pact (1940) 326, 332; unstable alliance with Hungary 734; war debts 449; Westwall 97–8, 103, 106, 202, 502, 737, 742

Gersdorff, Rudolph-Christoph Freiherr von 659, 660, 662–3, 666

Gerstenmaier, Eugen 666, 690

Gestapo (Secret State Police) 262, 660; arrest and internment of Jews 133, 145; attacks Communism xxxvi,