24 twenty-five worst tech products: Dan Tynan, “The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time,”
24 invested over $100 million: Dawn Kawamoto, “Newsmaker: Riding the next technology wave,” CNET News, Oct. 2, 2003, accessed Jan. 30, 2011, http://news.cnet.com/2008-7351-5085423.html.
25 “he’s a lot like John Irving”: Robert Spector,
25 “small Artificial Intelligence company”: Ibid., 145.
26 surprised to find them at the top: Ibid., 27.
26 Random House, controlled only 10 percent: Ibid., 25.
26 so many of them—3 million active titles: Ibid., 25.
27 They called their field “cybernetics”: Barnabas D. Johnson, “Cybernetics of Society,” The Jurlandia Institute, accessed Jan. 30, 2011, www.jurlandia.org/cybsoc.htm.
27 PARC was known for: Michael Singer, “Google Gobbles Up Outride,”
27 collaborative filtering: Moya K. Mason, “Short History of Collaborative Filtering,” accessed Dec. 10, 2010, www.moyak.com/papers/collaborative-filtering.html.
28 “handle any incoming stream of electronic documents”: David Goldberg, David Nichols, Brian M. Oki, and Douglas Terry, “Using Collaborative Filtering to Weave an Information Tapestry,”
28 “sends replies as necessary”: Upendra Shardanand, “Social Information Filtering for Music Recommendation” (graduate diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994).
29 fewer health books: Martin Kaste, “Is Your E-Book Reading Up On You?,” NPR.org, Dec. 15, 2010, accessed Feb. 8, 2010, www.npr.org/2010/12/15/132058735/is-your-e-book-reading-up-on-you.
30 as if by an “objective” recommendation: Aaron Shepard,
30 “notion of ‘relevant’”: Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, “The Anatomy of a Large- Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine,” Section 1.3.1.
31 “advertising causes enough mixed incentives”: Ibid., Section 8, Appendix A.
32 “very difficult to get this data”: Ibid., Section 1.3.2.
33 black-ops kind of feel: Saul Hansell, “Google Keeps Tweaking Its Search Engine,”
33 “give back exactly what you want”: David A. Vise and Mark Malseed,
34 “ancient shark teeth”: Patent full text, accessed Dec. 10, 2010, http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u= %2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.htm&r=1&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&S1=7,451,130.PN.&OS=pn/7,451,13 0&RS=PN/7,451,13.
35 “could call that artificial intelligence”: Lawrence Page, Google Zeitgeist Europe Conference, May 2006.
35 “answer a more hypothetical question”: BBC News, “Hyper-personal Search ‘Possible,’” June 20, 2007, accessed Dec. 10, 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6221256.stm< /a>.
36 “We’re a utility”: David Kirkpatrick, “Facebook Effect,”
37 “more news in a single day”: Ellen McGirt, “Hacker. Dropout. CEO,”
37 it rests on three factors: Jason Kincaid, “EdgeRank: The Secret Sauce That Makes Facebook’s News Feed Tick,”
38 the 300 million user mark: Mark Zuckerberg, “300 Million and On,”
38 the
39 “the most transformative thing”: Caroline McCarthy, “Facebook F8: One Graph to Rule Them All,” CNET News
39 sharing 25 billion items a month: M. G. Siegler, “Facebook: We’ll Serve 1 Billion Likes on the Web in Just 24 Hours,”
42 Acxiom knew more: Richard Behar, “Never Heard of Acxiom? Chances Are It’s Heard of You,”
43 serves most of the largest companies in America: nternetNews.com Staff, “Acxiom Hacked, Customer Information Exposed,”
43 “product we make is data”: Behar, “Never Heard of Acxiom?”
44 auctions it off to the company with the highest bid: Stephanie Clifford, “Your Online Clicks Have Value, for Someone Who Has Something to Sell,”
