_r=2'>www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/business/media/26adco.html?_r=2.

44 takes under a second: The Center for Digital Democracy, U.S. Public Interest Research Group, and the World Privacy Forum’s complaint to the Federal Trade Commission, Apr. 8, 2010, accessed Dec. 10, 2010, http://democraticmedia.org/real-time-targeting.

44 leave without buying anything: Press release, FetchBack Inc., Apr. 13, 2010, accessed Dec. 10, 2010, www.fetchback.com/press_041310.html.

45 “62 billion real-time attributes a year”: Center for Digital Democracy, U.S. PIRG, and the World Privacy Forum’s complaint.

45 the Rubicon Project: Ibid.

Chapter Two: The User Is the Content

47 “undermines the democratic way of life”: John Dewey, Essays, Reviews, and Miscellany, 1939–1941, The Later Works of John Dewey, 1925–1953, vol.14 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 227.

47 “been tailored for them”: Holman W. Jenkins Jr., “Google and the Search for the Future,” Wall Street Journal, Aug. 14, 2010, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, http://online.wsj. com/article/SB10001424052748704901104575423294099527212.html.

48 “don’t know which half”: John Wanamaker, U.S. department store merchant, as quoted in Marilyn Ross and Sue Collier, The Complete Guide to Self-Publishing (Cincinnati: Writer’s Digest Books, 2010), 344.

49 One executive in the marketing session: I wasn’t able to identify him in my notes.

49 Now, in 2010, they only received: Interactive Advertising Bureau PowerPoint, report, “Brand Advertising Online and The Next Wave of M&A,” Feb. 2010.

50 target premium audiences in “other, cheaper places”: Ibid. 50 “denied an assured access to the facts”: Walter Lippmann, Liberty and the News (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1920), 6.

50 blogs remain incredibly reliant on them: Pew Research Center, “How Blogs and Social Media Agendas Relate and Differ from the Traditional Press,” May 23, 2010, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, www.journalism.org/node/20621.

52–53 “these documents are forgeries”: Peter Wallsten, “‘Buckhead,’ Who Said CBS Memos Were Forged, Is a GOP-Linked Attorney,” Los Angeles Times, Sept. 18, 2004, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, http://seattletimes.nw source.com/html/nationworld/2002039080_buckhead18.html.

53 “We should not have used them”: Associated Press, “CBS News Admits Bush Documents Can’t Be Verified,” Sept. 21, 2004, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6055248/ns/politics.

54 paying attention to the story: The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 2004 (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), http://books.google.com/books?id=uqqp- sDCjo4C&pg=PA392&lpg=PA392&dq=public+opinion+poll+on+dan+rather +controversy&source=bl&ots=CPGu03cpsn&sig=9XT- li8ar2GOXxfVQWCcGNHIxTg&hl=en&ei=uw_7TLK9OMGB8gb3r72ACw&sa=X&oi=book_result& amp;ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=public%20opinion%20poll%20on %20dan%20rather%20controversy&f=true.

54 “a crisis in journalism”: Lippmann, Liberty and the News, 64.

56 at this point that newspapers came to carry: This section was informed by the wonderful Michael Schudson, Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers (New York: Basic Books, 1978).

57 “They goose-stepped it”: Lippmann, Liberty and the News, 4.

57 “what [the average citizen] shall know”: Ibid., 7.

58 “distinctive member of a community”: John Dewey, Essays, Reviews, and Miscellany, 1939–1941, The Later Works of John Dewey, 1925–1953, vol. 2 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984), 332.

59 calls the 2000s the disintermediation decade: Jon Pareles, “A World of Megabeats and Megabytes,” New York Times, Dec. 30, 2009, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/arts/music/ 03tech.html.

59 Disintermediation—the elimination of middlemen: Dave Winer, Dec. 7, 2005, Dave Winer’s blog, Scripting News, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, http://scripting.com/2005/12/07.html#.

59 “It sucks power out of the center”: Esther Dyson, “Does Google Violate Its ‘Don’t Be Evil’ Motto?,” Intelligence Squared US. Debate between Esther Dyson, Siva Vaidhyanathan, Harry Lewis, Randal C. Picker, Jim Harper, and Jeff Jarvis (New York, NY) Nov. 18, 2008, accessed Feb. 7, 2011, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97216369.

60 the Latin for “middle layer”: Hat tip to Clay Shirky for introducing me to this fact in his conversation with Jay Rosen. Clay Shirky interview by Jay Rosen, video, chap. 5 “Why Study Media?” NYU Primary Sources (New York, NY), 2011, accessed Feb 9, 2011, http://nyuprimarysources.org/video-library/jay-rosen-and-clay-shirky/.

61 “many wresting power from the few”: Lev Grossman, “Time’s Person of the Year: You,” Time, Dec. 13, 2006, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, www.time.com/time/magazine/arti cle/0,9171,1569514,00.html.

61 “did not eliminate intermediaries”: Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu, Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 70.

62 “It will remember what you know”: Danny Sullivan, “Google CEO Eric Schmidt on Newspapers & Journalism,” Search Engine Land, Oct. 3, 2009, accessed Dec. 11, 2010, http://searchengineland.com/google-ceo-eric-schmidt-on-newspapers-journalism-27172.

62 “bringing the content to the right group”: “Krishna Bharat Discusses the Past and Future of Google News,” Google News blog, June 15, 2010, accessed Dec. 11, 2010,

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