PA: Schiffer Publishing, 1995).
15 “The Tiger was all muscle” Showalter, Hitler’s Panzers, p. 232.
16 A preferable alternative Melvin, Manstein, p. 357.
17 Model is best remembered as a tactician Steven H. Newton, Hitler’s Commander: Field Marshal Walther Model—Hitler’s Favorite General (New York: Da Capo Press, 2006), is the best analysis in English of Model as a commander. Walter Gorlitz, Model: Strategie der Defensive (Wiesbaden: Limes, 1975), downplays its subject’s Nazi sympathies.
18 One-on-one meeting Healy, Zitadelle, pp. 79–80.
19 Conference in Munich Manstein, Verlorene Siege, pp. 488–491, and Guderian, Panzer Leader, pp. 306–308, are firsthand accounts, both predictably self-serving. The best analysis is Citino, The Wehrmacht Retreats, pp. 121– 126.
20 Well-developed approach to dealing with the senior officers Helmut Heiber and David Glantz, eds., Hitler and His Generals: Military Conferences, 1942–1945 (New York: Enigma, 2003), is the basic source for the Fuhrer’s approach in the war’s final years.
21 Postponed the operation Frieser et al., Ostfront, p. 76.
22 Elite Grossdeutschland Division Michael Sharpe and Brian L. Davis, Grossdeutschland: Guderian’s Eastern Front Elite (Hersham, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2001), is an economical overview. Hans-Joachim Jung, The History of Panzerregiment “Grossdeutschland,” trans. David Johnston (Winnipeg: J. J. Fedorowicz, 2000), is part of a subgenre of English-language publishing on the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS: narrowly focused on tactics and war stories, for practical purposes blind and deaf to the Third Reich’s criminal aspects, but useful within its limits for its narrative of armored combat in Russia.
23 SS Panzer Corps Redesignated II SS Panzer Corps just before Citadel, it was also widely referred to without the new number. For its recent operational background, see George M. Nipe Jr., Last Victory in Russia: The SS-Panzerkorps and Manstein’s Kharkov Counteroffensive, February-March 1943 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2000).
24 Hoth had an ample supply of it Hoth has kept snugly beyond the increasingly unsympathetic spotlight cast on senior Wehrmacht commanders. He has no biography and despite having served six years of a fifteen-year sentence for war crimes is a marginal presence even in Johannes Hurter’s Hitlers Heerfuhrer: Die deutschen Oberbefehlshaber im Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1941/1942 (Munich: Oldenbourg, 2007)—a work focusing as much and more on its subjects’ criminal behavior as their military performance.
25 Came … with a string attached Frieser et al., Ostfront, p. 142.
26 Fewer than four hundred recruits and convalescents Steven H. Newton, “Ninth Army and the ‘Numbers Game’: A Fatal Delay?,” in Kursk: The German View, trans. and ed. Steven H. Newton (New York: Da Capo Press, 2002), pp. 371–380.
27 Panzer divisions were ready for another battle Friedrich von Mellenthin, Panzer Battles: A Study of the Employment of Armor in the Second World War (New York: Ballantine Books, 1971), p. 215.
28 One particular ballerina Gerd Schmuckle, Ohne Pauken und Trompeten: Erinnerungen an Krieg und Frieden (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1982), pp. 68–74.
29 Soviet victories … had not been won in isolation David M. Glantz, “Prelude to Kursk: Soviet Strategic Operations, February–March 1943,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies 8, no. 1 (1995): 1–35, and “Soviet Military Strategy During the Second Period of War (November 1942–December 1943): A Reappraisal,” Journal of Military History 60, no 1 (1996): 115–150. Cf. A. M. Vasilevsky, A Lifelong Cause (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1981), pp. 273–279.
30 Relief of Leningrad David M. Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad, 1941– 1944 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002).
31 Contacts between the respective diplomats Ingeborg Fleischhauer, Die Chance des Sonderfriedens: Deutsch-sowjetische Geheimgesprache 1941–1945 (Berlin: Siedler, 1986), contextualizes this still-open issue.
32 Stalin sent Zhukov down from Leningrad G. K. Zhukov, Reminiscences and Reflections, vol. 2 (Moscow: Progress Publishers 1985), pp. 145–148.
33 Running a spy ring Cf. Timothy P. Mulligan, “Spies, Ciphers and ‘Zitadelle’: Intelligence and the Battle of Kursk, 1943,” Journal of Contemporary History 22, no. 2 (1987): 236–260; and in much more detail, David M. Glantz, The Role of Intelligence in Soviet Military Strategy in World War II (Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1990), pp. 172–283.
34 On April 8 he sent a message In David M. Glantz and Jonathan M. House, The Battle of Kursk (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999), pp. 361–362.
35 Zhukov and Vasilevsky entered Stalin’s study For further information on the April 12 meeting and subsequent Soviet planning, see Healy, Zitadelle, pp. 51–53, 61–63.
36 Most formidable large-scale defensive system The most complete analysis in English is—predictably—David M. Glantz, CSI Report No. 11: Soviet Defensive Tactics at Kursk, July 1943 (Ft. Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 1986). Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, pp. 63–78, is briefer and clearer.
37 Partisan operations Leonid Grenkevich, The Soviet Partisan Movement, 1941–1944, ed. David M. Glantz (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 1999), contextualizes the irregulars’ contributions to Citadel.
38 Operational zone of the Central Front Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, pp. 58–60, 299–306.
39 General Konstantin K. Rokossovsky Rokossovsky’s career is summarized in Richard Wolff, “Rokossovsky,” in Stalin’s Generals, ed. Harold Shukman (New York: Grove Press, 1993), pp. 177–196, and presented in his autobiography, A Soldier’s Duty, trans. Vladimir Talmy, ed. Robert Daglish (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1970).
40 Nikolai Vatutin joined the Red Army For Vatutin, see David M. Glantz, “Vatutin,” in Stalin’s Generals, pp. 287–298. Valeriy Zamulin contributes a perceptive, positive assessment of Vatutin’s performance during Citadel in “The Battle of Kursk: New Findings,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies 25 (2012): 409–417.
41 His front would eventually commit For more on Voronezh Front resources, see Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, pp. 60–63, 306–320.
42 Red Air Force had taken a brutal beating For background, see Von Hardesty and Ilya Grinberg, Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2012), especially pp. 223–234; Dmitriy Khazanov and Aleksander Medved, La-5/7 vs. FW 190: Eastern Front, 1942–45 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011), is a useful introduction to technical and institutional details.
43 “Night witches” See generally Reina Pennington, Wings, Women, & War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2001).
44 Initially, German air offensives Christer Bergstrom, Kursk: The Air Battle, July 1943 (Hersham, UK: Classic Publications, 2008), pp. 18–25; and more generally, Hermann Plocher, The German Air Force Versus Russia, 1943 (New York: Arno Press, 1968).
45 He escaped by “mere chance” Rokossovsky in Daglish, A Soldier’s Duty, p. 194.
46 Fighter squadrons were the Luftwaffe’s elite See most recently Colin D. Heaton and Anne-Marie Heaton, The German Aces Speak: World War II Through the Eyes of Four of the Luftwaffe’s Most Important Commanders (Minneapolis: Zenith Press, 2011).
