The Path to Power

Edinburgh, 296

education: selection, 157–9, 173–4; comprehensive plans, 157–8, 168–74, 188; Plus, 157–9, 169, 191; primary schools, 158–9, 167, 182–5, 192; school leaving age, 159–60, 167, 192; egalitarian policies, 166; higher, 167, 183, 191, 192, 193; HMI, 173; Assisted Places Scheme, 173; grant-maintained schools, 173; vouchers, 173, 191; teacher training, 176–8, 190, 192; school meals, 179–81, 192; school milk, 179–82, 189; school building programme, 183–5, 189, 190, 191–3; student unions, 185–7, 189; teaching of reading, 189; use of English, 189; White Paper (1972), 190–1; student loans, 191; spending cuts (1973), 191–3; promotion of competition, 575

Education: A Framework for Expansion, 190–1, 193

Education Act (1944), 44, 170–9

Education Act (1976), 172

Education and Science, Department of (DES), 157–8, 165–93

Education Bill (1970), 158

Edwards, Nick, 403

Egypt: Suez crisis, 88; occupation of Yemen, 88; Yom Kippur War (1973), 372–3; MT’s visit (1976), 373, 374–5

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 89

Election Call, 236, 449–50

elections, general: (1935), 25; (1945), 33, 43–6; (1950), 70–3; (1951), 75; (1955), 87; (1959), 93, 99–101, 114; (1964), 131–2; (1966), 137; (1970), 161–3; (February 1974), 235–9; (October 1974), 250, 257–61; (1979), 435–61, 571; see also by-elections

Elizabeth II, Queen, 78, 91

Elton, Lord, 55

Ely by-election (1973), 226

Erhard, Ludwig, 253, 343, 344

Esposito, J.L., 536n

Ethiopia, 371

European Assembly, 326–7, 328, 337

European Central Bank Board, 486

European Commission, 489–90

European Communities Act (1972), 209, 210, 504

European Community (EC): membership negotiations (1961–63); 117, 126–7, (1970– 72); 201, 207–11; Heath’s attitude, 126, 134, 207, 211; MT’s attitude, 126–7, 470–507; Britain’s entry, 176, 211, 496, 500; budget, 208; sovereignty issue, 209–10, 237, 497, 504; British referendum, 283, 330–5; single currency, 333; federalism, 470–1, 473, 476, 496; protectionism, 476, 502, 595, 597, 599; Maastricht Treaty, 481–8; British ‘opt-outs’, 484–5; policy in former Yugoslavia, 494–5; Single Market, 497, 502, 503; trade balance, 498; ‘two der’ concept, 500, 501–2

European Councils: Paris (1972), 496; Rome (1990), 500, 509

European Court of Human Rights, 399

European Court of Justice, 210, 333, 482, 497, 504

European Democratic Union (EDU), 340, 346–7

European Economic Area (EEA), 505

European Free Trade Area (EFTA), 126, 134, 505

European Monetary System (EMS), 338, 339–40, 596; see also ERM

European Union of Women, 127

Evans, N.R., 585n

Evening Standard, 131

Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), 477, 485–7, 492–4, 501, 570, 596–7; see also EMS

Ezra, Derek, 215

Factortame case, 497, 505; see also Merchant Shipping Act

Fair Deal at Work, 160

Fairgrieve, Russell, 325

Falklands War, 567, 583

family: institution of, 522, 540; one-parent, 538, 539, 544–5, 549, 561–3; welfare dependency, 544–5; changes in demographic structure, 548–50; strengthening, 561–4

Family Credit, 560, 599

Fanfani, Amintore, 345

Fanfare for Europe (1973), 211

Faraday, Michael, 176

Federal Reserve Board, 590

Federation of University Conservative and Unionist Associations (FUCUA), 47

Feiling, Keith, 42

Ferrier, Kathleen, 38

Finchley: MT’s selection, 95–7; MT’s adoption, 97–8; Jewish community, 98–9, 230, 374; Liberals, 98–9; general election (1959), 99–101; general election (1964), 131–2; general election (1966), 137; ‘brain drain’ from, 154; general election (1970), 162–3; general election (February 1974), 237–8; general election (October 1964), 258, 261; general election (1979), 458, 459–60; MT stands down, 488

Finchley Golf Club, 98, 131

Finchley Press, 97

Finsberg, Geoffrey, Lord, 266

Fitt, Gerry, Lord, 431

Fletcher, Mrs (Dartford), 63

Flowers, Sir Brian, 175

Foot, Michael, 29, 207, 260, 328, 432

Ford, Gerald, 348, 357, 360–1, 365, 375

Ford, Henry, 443

Ford, Mrs Henry, 465

Ford strike (1978), 413, 415

foreign policy: MT’s five tenets, 518–36; role of US, 518–19; balance of power, 519–21; nationhood and national sovereignty, 522–7; freedom, democracy and human rights, 527–30; defence, 531–6

Fowler, Norman, 289, 311, 575

Framework for Government Research and Development, A, 174

France: Suez crisis, 88, 89; MT’s visit (1975), 337; EC role, 473; Hoover-Europe transfer, 484; Maastricht referendum, 492, 494; Gulf War, 499, 511; EC policies, 500, 595; constitutional law, 504–5

Franco, Francisco, 24, 341

Fraser, Hugh, 276, 277, 278

Fraser, Malcolm, 386–7

Freitas do Amaral, Diogo, 340–1

Friedman, Milton, 386, 567, 596

Frost, Gerry, 252

Fry, Christopher, 38

fuel crisis (1947), 50

Fukuyama, Francis, 517

Gaitskell, Hugh, 93, 128

Gandhi, Indira, 384–6

Gandhi, Rajiv, 385, 585