The Path to Power

Tindemans, Leo, 338

Tito, Marshal, 369–71, 384

Torrington by-election (1958), 93

Tory Reform Group, 325

trade unions: Conservative manifesto (1950), 70; MT’s attitude to, 109–10; Conservative policy (1960s), 115; Labour government relationship, 138; inflation, 141; reform proposals (1969–70), 160; teachers, 166; Industrial Relations Act, 203–6, 288; Conservative Party relationship, 288–9; Labour Party relationship, 299–300; Shadow Cabinet approach, 301, 310–12, 397; Grunwick dispute, 397–401; referendum proposal, 402–3; incomes policy, 403; winter of discontent (1978–79), 413–14, 419–20, 423, 437, 446; reform proposals (1978–79), 423–5, 427–9, 436–8; general election (1979), 446; reform programme (1980s), 575; membership, 575; Labour policies (1990s), 605

Trades Union Congress (TUC): Declaration of Intent, 138; Industrial Relations Act, 206, 222; incomes policy talks, 219, 223–4, 226, 403, 413; General Strike call (1972), 222; miners’ dispute (1974), 232; Prior’s relationship, 289, 311–12; MT’s meeting (1977), 312; Soviet visitors, 349, 400

transport, public expenditure, 573

Transport and General Workers’ Union (TGWU), 222, 420

Treasury, 92, 118, 179, 191, 199, 220, 225

Trend, Sir Burke, 194

Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 580n

Truman, Harry S., 54

Tuohy, Denis, 454

Turkey, response to Bosnia, 515

TV Eye, 454

Tynan, Kenneth, 38

U-turns, 188, 196, 198, 206–7, 215, 236

Uganda: expulsion of Asians, 212; economy, 589

Ukraine: MT’s visit (1990), 509; economy, 590

Ulster Unionists, 238, 327–8, 431

underclass, 544, 561, 599

unemployment: in 1930s, 23, 71, 118; election issue (1950), 71; attitudes to (1960s), 115, 118; rise (1971), 213; role of inflation, 213, 567; UCS, 213–14; fall (1973), 225; reaches one million, 256; public opinion polls, 299; rise and fall (1977–78), 409; ‘Labour Isn’t Working’ campaign, 411; rise (1992), 578; protectionist solution, 597

United Nations (UN), 56, 91, 511, 516, 533, 534–5

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), 517

United States of America: Suez crisis, 88, 89–90, 91; trade with, 127; MT’s visit (1967), 153–4; detente policy, 348–9; MT’s visit (1975), 357–60; Carter Administration, 364–7; MT’s visits (after 1990), 468; special relationship, 469, 499; role, 472, 510–11; European policy, 473–4, 476–7; Gulf War, 474, 511; Bosnia, 516; nuclear defence of Japan, 520, 521; Reagan doctrine, 527–8; crime rate, 541–2; underclass, 544, 599; crime research, 552; Constitution, 553–4; Workfare, 560; Reaganism, 578–9; model of capitalist system, 594

universities, 186–7

Upper Clyde Shipbuilders (UCS), 213–14, 219

Utley, Peter, 114, 252, 273, 427, 442

Valtin, Jan, 29, 57–8

Van Den Haag, Ernest, 558

Van Straubenzee, William (Bill), 165, 187

Vance, Cyrus, 367

Varley, Eric, 312

Vassall, William John, 126

Venice, history, 580

Venice Declaration (1980), 476

Vietnam war, 349

Villiers, Philippe de, 494

Vinson, Nigel, 252

Volcker, Paul, 596

wage freeze (1966), 139, 160

Wages Councils, 575

Walden, Brian, 402, 423–4, 429, 444

Wales, devolution, 321, 323, 430–2

Walker, Peter: relationship with Heath, 201–2; Environment, 202; local government reforms, 202; DTI, 224; manifesto (October 1974), 246–7; leadership election campaign, 274; MT’s Shadow Cabinet rejection, 289–90; income policy, 300, 302; devolution issue, 326

Walker-Smith, Derek, 210

Walley, John, 123

Walsall North by-election (1976), 319

Walters, Alan, 221, 254, 299, 303, 567

Ward, Alison, 269, 293

Ward, George, 397

Ward, Irene, 81

Warrender, Sir Victor (Lord Bruntisfield), 25, 33

Warsaw Pact, 362, 531, 532

water: charges, 247; privatization, 574

Webley, Simon, 252

Wedgwood Benn, see Benn

Weekend World, 402, 423–4, 425

Weighell, Sid, 446

welfare dependency, 538, 543–8, 559–60, 599

Welfare State: creation, 46, 47, 543; election issue, 71, 411; Conservative policy (1954), 87; growth, 148

Welsh Nationalists, 430–2

Welsh Party Conference (1975), 302

Wesley, John, 10, 105

Wesley’s Chapel, City Road, 11, 76

Western European Union (WEU), 475, 495

Westminster, Palace of, 107–8

Wheeler, Morris, 68

White, Eirene, 117

Whitelaw, William: in Heath’s Cabinet, 201; Employment Secretary, 231; miners’ strike (1974), 235; general election (February 1974), 235–6; Conservative manifesto (October 1974), 247, 249; leadership election (1975), 277–80; Deputy Leadership, 284–5; Thorneycroft connection, 291; incomes policy, 303, 304; Conference (1975), 307; Shadow Home Secretary, 310; devolution issue, 322, 326; EC referendum, 330–1, 335; immigration policy, 407, 409; Stepping Stones discussions, 421, 422; fall of Labour government, 432–3; election campaign (1979), 444, 447

Whitlam, Gough, 386

Whitman, Walt, 19