The Devil in History

(1936); constitution (Sakharov); criminality; Cultural Revolution; de-Bolshevization; de-Stalinization; dissidents; Great Patriotic War for the Defense of the Motherland; mezhdunarodniki; Moscow Helsinki Group; nomenklatura; perestroika; post-Communism; Radio Moscow; reinvention of politics; revisionism; secret police; shestidesiatniki; Soviet citizens sent back from Hitler’s Reich; Soviet-Nazi “nonaggression” pact (1939); terror. See also Bolshevism; Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); Gorbachev, Mikhail; gulag; Leninism; Russian Communist Party; Sovietization; Stalinism

Spanish Civil War

Spanish Communist Party

Speer, Albert

Sperber, Manes

Spring of the Nations (1848)

Stalin, Joseph; biography; The Black Book of Nazi Crimes against Soviet Jews banned by; and Comintern; Communist power not dependent on; constitution (1936); in Costea letter; death (1953); de-racialization after; de-Stalinization; dialectics; and Eastern Europe; experiments on human beings; Gorbachev condemning; “Great Experiment,”; Great Purge; Great Terror; ideological obsession; vs. Jews; Kaganovich with; Khrushchev denouncing crimes of; leader charisma/personality cult; and Leninism; mausoleum; post-Communism and; and proletariat; purges; reinvention of politics; revolution from above; show trials; “warfare personality,”; xenophobic. See also Stalinism

Stalinism; anti-Fascist; “Bolshevism of the extreme right,”; civilization; Commission for the Rehabilitation of Stalinism’s Victims; conspiracy theories; dehumanization of the enemy; de-Stalinization; differences between Nazism and; Eastern Europe; enemies of; ethnic cleansing; Fascism syncretized with; ideology; internationalism defined by; “language of magic,”; “little Stalins,”; Marxist freedom and; Molotov; neo-Stalinism; party charisma; pathology of universalism; political myth; post-Communism and; reversion; revisionism and; Romania; Russianization; Russian National Bolshevism; similarities with Nazism; soslovnost; terror; Yaroslavsky. See also Stalin, Joseph

Stevens, Anthony

Stojanovic, Svetozar

Strasser, Gregor

Strasser, Otto

Streicher, Julius

submission syndrome

Sullis, Edgardo, Il Duce-Imitatione de Mussolini

Suny, Ronald

Sverdlov, Nikolai Yakov

Szeleny, Ivan

Tamas, G. M.

Tamir, Yael

telos: of “democratic dictatorship,”; of Nazism

terror: Communist; contemporary; ethnicization of; Nazi; pogroms; Pol Pot regime in Cambodia; Red Terror (1918); Stalinist Great Terror; “states of terror,”. See also camps; dehumanization of the enemy; exterminist policies; genocide; purges

Thalmann, Ernst

“Thaw,”

Thomas a Kempis

Tigrid, Pavel

Tito

Tocqueville, Alexis de

Toranska, Teresa

totalitarianism; detotalitarianization; emotional-intellectual superstructure and institutional ensemble; enigma of; reinvention of politics. See also Communism; Fascism; political monopoly; post-totalitarian system

“touchstone theory,”

Traverso, Enzo

Trotsky, Leon/Trotskyites: and apparatus terror; defeat of “world revolution,”; vs. democracy; intraparty opposition; vs. Kautsky; and leader charisma; Leninism opposed to; in Lenin’s Politburo; revisionism and; Stalin’s enemy; Their Morals and Ours

truth; anti-anti-utopianism; The Black Book of Communism; Bukharin; Communist “moral elite,”; dissidents; ethnocentric nationalism’s irrelevance of; Fascist; Gorbachev; historical; ideological states; Leninist; living in; Marxist; party’s special access to; Pope John Paul II’s “The Splendor of Truth,”; post- Communism; “reconciliation without,”; re-empowering; revolutionary; Secret Speech and. See also falsification; morality

Tucker, Robert C.: Bolshevism’s deradicalization; Bukharin; Leninism; philosophy and myth; pre-Gorbachev Soviet Union; reversion; show trials; Stalin

Tudjman, Franjo

Tudor, Corneliu Vadim

Tudoran, Dorin

?ugui, Pavel

tyrannies of certitude

tyrannies of corruption

Ubermensch

Ukraine: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Holocaust impacts; radical-authoritarian trends

l’univers concentrationnaire

Urban, George; Communist Reformation; Stalinism

Urban, Jan

ur-Fascism

ur-Leninism

Urvalek, Josef

USSR. See Soviet Union

utopia; anti-anti-utopianism; Communist Manifesto and; enduring magnetism of; Fascist; ideology and; intellectuals in frantic search for; West and. See also Communist utopia; eschatology; redemptive mythologies; salvationism

Vajda, Mihaly

vanguard party; Gorbachev and; Lenin and; Mlynar and. See also Bolshevism; Communist Party

van Ree, Erik

Velikhov, Evgeny

“velvet counterrevolution,”

“velvet revolutions” (1989). See also revolutions (1989-91), Eastern and Central Europe

Vietnam: North; War

Villa-Vicencio, Charles

violence: Communist; Fascist; sanctified by Communism and Fascism;

World War I. See also class struggle; murder; terror

Voegelin, Eric

voluntarism: Leninist; Marxist