Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic

Center for Defense Information, March 15, 2005, http://www.cdi.org/pdfs/ABL-031505.pdf.

50. See Taubman, Secret Empire, pp. 305-7.

51. Coyle, “Is Missile Defense on Target?” See also Uhler, “Missile Shield.”

52. “Rumsfeld Says Missile Shield Will Soon Have ’Modest Capacity,’” Agence France-Presse, December 23, 2004.

53. Bradley Graham, “Panel Faults Tactics in Rush to Install Antimissile System,” Washington Post, June 10, 2005; Editorial, “Star Wars’ Political Bull’s-Eye,” New York Times, June 24, 2005; Martin Sieff, “BMD Focus: DOD Space Buys Leak Billions,” United Press International, July 19, 2005, http://www.wpherald.com/print.php?StoryID=20050719-042857-1423r; Sieff, “Ballistic Missile Defense: The Test of Reality,” United Press International, July 26, 2005, http://www.wpherald.com/print.php?StoryID=20050726-123729-8313r; Sieff, “Ballistic Missile Defense: Shortfalls in Space,” United Press International, August 2, 2005, http://www.wpherald.com/print.php?StoryID=20050802- 024235-8315r; Sieff, “Ballistic Missile Defense: Space Defense Budget Mess,” United Press International, October 6, 2005, http://www.wpherald.com/print.php?StoryID=20051006-021655-4516r.

54. “U.S. Gives Up on Upgrading Missile Defense,” United Press International, October 13, 2005, http://ww.wpherald.com/print.php?StoryID=20051013-044213-8370r.

55. Lisbeth Gronlund, “Fire, Aim, Ready,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 61, no. 5 (September-October 2005), pp. 67-68, http://www.thebulletin.org/print.php?art_ofn=so05gronlund.

56. Scott Ritter, “Rude Awakening to Missile-defense Dream,” Christian Science Monitor, January 4, 2005, http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0104/p09s02-coop.html.

57. Uhler, “Missile Shield”; David E. Sanger and Michael Wines, “With a Shrug, a Monument to Cold War Fades Away,” New York Times, June 14, 2002; Evans, “Missile Defense”; “Russia Deploys New Set of Strategic Nuclear Missiles,” Pravda (Moscow), December 24, 2005, http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2005/12/24/70454.html; Natural Resources Defense Council, “Russian Nuclear Forces, 2006,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists62, no. 2 (March-April 2006), pp. 64- 67.

58. Ciarrocca and Hartung, Axis of Influence, p. 33.

59. Quoted by Toby Eckert, Copley News Service, “Bribery Admission Spotlights Favoritism; ’Earmarking’ Has Grown in Congress,” San Diego Union-Tribune, December 3, 2005.

60. Hartung, Berrigan, Ciarrocca, and Wingo, “Tangled Web 2005”; John Isaacs, “An Indefensible Budget,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists61, no. 3 (May/ June 2005), p. 22.

61. Theresa Hitchens, “Bad Time to Invest in U.S. Missile Defense Program” (speech, Royal United Services Institute’s International Missile Defense Conference, London, November 2-3,2005), Center for Defense Information, January 9, 2006; Hartung, Berrigan, Ciarrocca, and Wingo, “Tangled Web 2005”; Editorial, “Dream-Filled Missile Silos,” New York Times, April 1, 2004.

62. Richard F. Kaufman, “The Folly of Space Weapons,” TomPaine.com, June 15, 2005, http://www.tompaine.com/print/the_folly_of_space_weapons.php; Lawrence S. Wittner, “Bush’s Maginot Line in the Sky,” History News Network, May 10, 2004, http://hnn.us/articles/printfriendly/5026.html.

63. David Wood, Newhouse News Service, “Pentagon’s ’Black’ Budgets Ripe for Corruption,” San Diego Union-Tribune, December 2, 2005.

64. Ciarrocca and Hartung, Axis of Influence.

65. Bill Moyers, “Inside the Pentagon,” Now, transcript, Public Broadcasting Service, December 5, 2003, http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript245_full.html.

66. See Ken Silverstein, “Huntsville’s Missile Payload,” Mother Jones, July-August 2001.

67. Quoted by Mike Moore, “Space War—Now We’re Jammin!” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 61, no. 2 (March/April 2005), pp. 6-8; Donna Miles, “Iraq lamming Incident Underscores Lessons about Space,” American Forces Press Service, September 15, 2004, http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Sep2004/n09152004_2004091510.html.

68. George Smith, “Weapon of the Week: The Ruski Jammer,” Village Voice, January 22-28,2003.

69. Moore, “Space War.”

70. Federal Aviation Administration, “Satellite Navigation,” http://gps.faa.gov/GPSbasics/index.htm; Wikipedia, “Global Positioning System,” January 18, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gps.

71. David Whitman, “Keeping Our Bearings: The Coming War over the Global Positioning System,” US. News & World Report, October 21, 2002, pp. 72-73.

72. For further details and a survey of GPS, see Morag Chivers, “Differential GPS Explained,” ESRI, http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0103/differentiallof2.html.

73. “President Clinton: Improving the Civilian Global Positioning System (GPS),” May 1, 2000, http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/0053_4.html.

74. Jennifer Lee, “Europe Plans to Compete with U.S. Satellite Network,” New York Times, November 26, 2001; European Space Agency, “What Is Galileo?” March 17, 2005, http://www.esa.int/esaNA/GGGMX650NDC_index_2.html; Jonathan Amos, “Europe’s Galileo Project,” BBC News, December 28, 2005; Daniel Clery, “Find Yourself with Galileo: Europeans Will Not Have to Rely on the U.S. Military,” Financial Times, March 10, 2006.

75. Wikipedia, “Galileo Positioning System,” January 18, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system; George Parker and John Thornhill, “European Navigation Satellite a Challenge to the U.S.,” Financial Times, December 29, 2005.

76. Benjamin S. Lambeth, Mastering the High Ground: Next Steps in the Military Uses of Space (Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corp., 2003), p. 103.