11
Simon C. Warby et al., “Huntington Disease,” Gene Reviews (last update December 11, 2014), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1305/
12
Margaret R. McLean, “When What We Know Outstrips What We Can Do,” Issues in Ethics 9, no. 2 (Spring 1998), Mark Kula Center for Appped Ethics, Santa Clara University, http://www.scu.edu/ethics/pubpcations/iie/v9n2/outstrips.html
13
Эти реакции обеспечиваются вегетативной нервной системой.
14
Edine W. Tiemersma et al., “Natural History of Tuberculosis: Duration and Fatapty of Untreated Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Negative Patients: A Systematic Review,” PLOS One 6, no. 4 (2001): e17601, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070694/
15
“Breeding Out Disease,” transcript, CBS News, October 26, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/breeding-out-disease-with-reproductive-genetics/
16
David Baltimore et al., “A Prudent Path Forward for Genomic Engineering and Germpne Gene Modification,” Science 348, no. 6230 (March 19, 2015): 36–38, doi:10.1126/science.aab1028.
17
Shailaja Gada Saxena and Dhananjaya Saranath, “Single-Cell Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis Using Fragment Analysis for B-Thalassemia in an Indian Couple with B-Globin Gene Mutations,” Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences 5, no. 3 (September – December 2012): 289–92, PMC3604838.
18
Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, “Use of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Serious Adult Onset Conditions: A Committee Opinion,” Fertipty and Steripty 100, no. 1 (July 2013): 54–57, http://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/news-and-pubpcations/ethics-committee-opinions/use_of_preimplantation_genetic_diagnosis_for_serious_adult-onset_conditions-pdfmembers.pdf .
19
Там же.
20
American Academy of Pediatrics, “Ethical and Popcy Issues in Genetic Testing and Screening of Children,” Pediatrics 131, no. 3 (March 2013), http://pediatrics.aappubpcations.org/content/pediatrics/131/3/620.full.pdf .
21
K. Sermon, “Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Huntington’s Disease with Exclusion Testing,” European Journal of Human Genetics 10, no. 10 (2002): 591–98.
22
S. Baruch, “Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Parental Preferences: Beyond Deadly Disease,” Houston Journal of Health Law & Popcy 8 (2008): 245–70.
23
11. N. Lewis, “Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 744,” in pfe in Egypt Under Roman Rule (orig. 1983; Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1985), 54.
24
Catrina Banks Whitley and Kyra Kramer, “A New Explanation for the Reproductive Woes and Midpfe Decpne of Henry VIII,” Historical Journal 53, no. 4 (2010): 827.
25
W. Dondorp et al., “ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 20: Sex Selection for Non-Medical Reasons,” Human Reproduction 28 (2013): 1448.
26
Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, “Use of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Serious Adult Onset Conditions.”
27
“Select the Gender of Your Next Baby,” Fertipty Institutes, http://www.fertipty-docs.com/programs-and-services/gender-selection/select-the-gender-of-your-baby-using-pgd.php , accessed October 14, 2015.
28
Emily Bazelon, “New Study Exposes Sex-Selective Abortion Bans for What They Are: Just Another Way to Restrict Abortion,” Slate, June 3, 2014, http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/06/03/sex_selective_abortion_new_study_debunks_the_myth_that_it_is_widespread.html
29
K. Madan, “Impact of Prenatal Technologies on the Sex Ratio in India,” Genetics in Medicine (June 2014): 425–32.
30
Там же.
31
Там же.
32
Там же.
33
Там же.
34
Gallup News Service, “Family Values Differ Sharply Around the World,” November 7, 1997, http://www.gallup.com/poll/4315/family-values-differ-sharply-around-world.aspx .
35
“National Health Expenditures 2013 Highpghts,” Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highpghts.pdf
36
European Commission, Polycycpc Aromatic Hydrocarbons – Occurrence in Foods, Dietary Exposure and Health Effects (Brussels: European Commission Scientific Committee on Food, December 4, 2002), https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scf_out154_en.pdf
37
K. O. Honikel, “The Use and Control of Nitrate and Nitrite for the Processing of Meat Products,” Meat Science 78, nos. 1–2 (January 2008): 68–76, doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.05.030. см. также Food Safety and Inspection Service, Processing Inspectors’ Calculations Handbook, revised ed. (Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, 1995), https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/7d364131-137e-4da3-905b-fa240974a5a9/7620-3.pdf?MOD=AJPERES.
38
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, “IARC Monographs Evaluate Consumption of Red Meat and Processed Meat,” press release, October 26, 2015, http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2015/pdfs/pr240_E.pdf
39
Cathy C. Laurie et al. “Detectable Clonal Mosaicism from Birth to Old Age and Its Relationship to Cancer,” Nature Genetics 44, no. 6 (2012): 642–50.
40
PubMed находится по адресу: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed .
41
D. M. Eddy, “Practice Popcies: Guidepnes for Methods,” JAMA 263, no. 13 (1990): 1839–41, doi:10.1001/jama.263.13.1839, PMID 2313855.
42
Stephen S. Raab et al., “The ‘Big Dog’ Effect: Variabipty Assessing the Causes of Error in Diagnoses of Patients with Lung Cancer,” Journal of Cpnical Oncology 24, no. 18 (June 20, 2006): 2808–14.
43
Robert Bazell, HER-2: The Making of Herceptin, a Revolutionary Treatment for Breast Cancer (New York: Random House, 1998).
44
Очень полезный сайт, посвященный поиску клинических исследований для разных генетических заболеваний и мутаций, в том числе и рака: https://cpnicaltrials.gov/
45
Massimo Calabresi, “Is Osama bin Laden Dying… Again?” Time, June 30, 2008, http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1819280,00.html .
46
D. Viljoen, “Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly (Beals Syndrome),” Journal of Medical Genetics 31, no. 8 (1994): 640–43, PMC 1050028.
47
Некоторые типы соединительной ткани играют важную роль в предотвращении пролиферации и распространения раковых клеток. Поэтому реакции с участием трансформирующего ростового фактора бета первоначально были описаны в этом контексте и лишь потом выяснилось, что они участвуют и в развитии синдрома Лойса – Дитца, синдрома Марфана и других заболеваний соединительной ткани.
48
Полное название гена – «Матери против гомолога декапентаплегии 3», SMAD3 – это аббревиатура. Как и многие другие гены, в том числе описанный выше трансформирующий ростовой фактор бета, SMAD3 получил такое яркое название не благодаря своей биологической роли, а по историческим причинам, связанным с его первоначальным открытием и традициями генетических исследований на фруктовой мушке дрозофиле.
49
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, “Points to Consider in the Cpnical Apppcation of Genomic Sequencing,” popcy statement, May 15, 2012, https://www.acmg.net/StaticContent/PPG/Cpnical_Apppcation_of_Genomic_Sequencing.pdf .
50
Robert C. Green et al., “ACMG Recommendations for Reporting of Incidental Findings in Cpnical Exome and Genome Sequencing,” Genetic Medicine 15, no. 7 (July 2013): 565–74.
51
Wilson Disease,” National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, last updated July 23, 2014, http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/wilson-disease/Pages/facts.aspx#sec6 .
52
Erika Check, “Scientists to Sequence Genomes of Hundreds of Newborns,” Newsblog (Nature blog), September 4, 2013, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2013/09/scientists-to-sequence-hundreds-of-newborns-genomes.html .
53
Christine Rosen, “Eugenics – Sacred and Profane,” New Atlantis 2 (Summer 2003): 79–89.
54
Анонимное письмо от 86-летнего носителя мутации Тея – Сакса. Anonymous, “Tay-Sachs Test,” Jewish Chronicle, September 28, 2012.
55
By Gina Kolata, October 3, 2012.
56
Эта фраза была использована на эмблеме Второго Международного евгенического конгресса в 1921 г. Смотрите статью про евгенику по ссылке: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Eugenics .
57
Письмо Теодора Рузвельта Чарльзу Давенпорту 3 января 1913 г. http://www.lettersofnote.com/2011/03/society-has-no-business-to-permit.html .
58
Joshua A. Krisch, “When Racism Was a Science: ‘Haunted Files: The Eugenics Record Office’ Recreates a Dark Time in a Laboratory’s Past,” New York Times, October 13, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/science/haunted-files-the-eugenics-record-office-recreates-a-dark-time-in-a-laboratorys-past.html?_r=0 .
59
Victoria Brignell, “The Eugenics Movement Britain Wants to Forget,” New Statesman, December 9, 2010, http://www.newstatesman.com/society/2010/12/british-eugenics-disabled .
60
Lutz Kaelber,
