91. J. Moore. 1995. The behavior of parasitized animals – when an ant is not an ant. Bioscience 45:89–96.
Подробнее про манипуляции паразитов читайте:
J. Moore, Parasites and the Behavior of Animals (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
Остальная информация была взята из личных интервью с профессором Муром.
92. Изображения T. Gondii под микроскопом:
http://ryoko.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/toxoplasma.html
Y. Sukthana. 2006. Toxoplasmosis: beyond animals to humans. Trends Parasitol 22(3):137–142;
E. F. Torreyand R. H. Yolken. 2003. Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia. Emerg Infect Dis 9(11):1375–1380;
S. Bachmann, J. Schroder, C. Bottmer, et al. 2005. Psychopathology in first-episode schizophrenia and antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Psychopathology 38(2):87–90;
J. P. Webster, P. H. Lamberton, C. A. Donnelly, and E. F. Torrey. 2006. Parasites as causative agents of human affective disorders? The impact of anti-psychotic, mood- stabilizer and anti-parasite medication on Toxoplasma gondii’s ability to alter host behaviour. ProcBiolSci 273(1589):1023–1030.
93. Цитата заимствована из:
Jennifer D’Angelo, “Feeling Sexy? It Could Be Your Cat,” Fox News, 4 ноября 2003.
Читайте также:
A. Skallova, M. Novotna, P. Kolbekova, et al. 2005. Decreased level of novelty seeking in blood donors infected with Toxoplasma. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 26(5):480–486;
J. Flegr, M. Preiss, J. Klose, et al. 2003. Decreased level of psychobiological factor novelty seeking and lower intelligence in me latently infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii: dopamine, a missing link between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis? Biol Psychol 63(3):253–268;
J. Flegr, J. Havlicek, P. Kodym, et al. 2002. Increased risk of traffic accidents in subjects with latent toxoplasmosis: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2:11;
M. Novotna, J. Hanusova, J. Klose, et al. 2005. Probable neuroimmunological link between Toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections and personality changes in the human host. BMC Infect Dis 5:54;
R. H. Yolken, S. Bachmann, I. Ruslanova, et al. 2001. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia. Clin Infect Dis 32(5):842–844;
L. Jones-Brando, E. F. Torrey, and R.Yolken. 2003.Drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder inhibit the replication of Toxoplasma gondii. Schizophr Res62(3):237–244.
Научно-популярные статьи по токсоплазмозу:
James Randerson, “All in the Mind?” New Scientist, 26 октября 2002;
David Adam, “Can a Parasite Carried by Cats Change Your Personality?” Guardian Unlimited, 25 сентября 2003;
New Scientist Editorial Staff, “Antipsychotic Drug Lessens Sick Rats’ Suicidal Tendencies,” New Scientist, 28 января 2006; Jill Neimark, “Can the Flu Bring on Psychosis?” Discover, октябрь 2005.
94. См. стр. 46 и 57 в:
R. M. Nesse and G. C. Williams, Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine (New York: Times Books, 1994).
95. Чтобы узнать актуальную информацию о количестве зараженных острицами детей в США, зайдите на официальный сайт Центра контроля заболеваний США: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/pinworm/factsht_pinworm.htm.
96. Carl Zimmer, “Manipulative Malaria Parasite Makes You More Attractive (to Mosquitoes),” New York Times, 9 августа 2005.
97. S. E. Swedo, H. L. Leonard, M. Garvey, et al. 1998. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 155(2):264–271;
L. A. Snider and S. E. Swedo. 2004. PANDAS: current status and directions for research. Mol Psychiatry 9(10):900–907;
R. C. Dale, I. Heyman, G. Giovannoni, and A. W. Church. 2005. Incidence of anti-brain antibodies in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 187:314–319;
S. E. Swedo and P. J. Grant. 2005. Annotation: PANDAS: a model for human autoimmune disease. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46(3):227–234;
C. Heubi and S. R. Shott. 2003. PANDAS: pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections – an uncommon, but important indication for tonsillectomy. Int JPediatr Otorhinolaryngol 67(8):837–840;
Anahad O’Connor, “Can Strep Bring On an Anxiety Disorder?” New York Times, 14 декабря 2005;
Lisa Belkin, “Can You Catch Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?” New York Times, 22 мая 2005;
Nicholas Bakalar, “Tonsil-Adenoid Surgery May Help Behavior,Too,” New York Times, 4 апреля 2006.
98. Процитировано на стр. 205 в:
N. E. Beckage, Parasites and Pathogens: Effects on Host Hormones and Behavior (New York: Chapman & Hall, 1997).
99. D. C. Behringer, M. J. Butler, and J. D. Shields. 2006. Ecology: avoidance of disease by social lobsters. Nature 441(7092):421.
100. J. Faulkner, M. Schaller, J. H. Park, and L. A. Duncan. 2004. Evolved disease-avoidance mechanisms and contemporary xenophobic attitudes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 4:333–353;
L. Rózsa. 2000. Spite, xenophobia, and collaboration between hosts and parasites. Oikos 91:396–400;
R. Kurzban and M. R. Leary. 2001. Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychol Bull 127(2):187–208.
101. Anita Manning, “‘Superbugs’ Spread Fear Far and Wide,” USA Today, 10 мая 2006;
“Rising Deadly Infections Puzzle Experts,” Associated Press, 12 мая 2006;
Abigail Zuger, “Bacteria Run Wild, Defying Antibiotics,” New York Times, 2 марта 2004.
102. Все про стафилококк читайте в:
K. J. Ryan, C. G. Ray, and J. C. Sherris, Sherris Medical Microbiology: An Introduction to Infectious Diseases (New York: McGraw- Hill, 2004).
Про открытие пенициллина читайте стр. 216 в:
T. Rosebury, Microbes and Morals: The Strange Story of Venereal Disease (New York: Viking Press, 1971);
M. C. Enright, D. A. Robinson, G. Randle, et al. 2002. The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Proc Natl Acad Sci 99(11):7687–7692;
L. B. Rice. 2006. Antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria. Am J Med 119(6 Suppl 1):S11–S19, discussion S62–S70;
K. Hiramatsu, H. Hanaki, T. Ino, et al. 1997. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 40(1):135–136;
Allison George, “March of the Super Bugs,” New Scientist, 19 июля 2003.
103. Цитаты Ивальда и более подробную информацию про эволюцию патогенности холеры ищите на официальном сайте Государственной службы телевещания США:
www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/text_pop/1_016_06.html.
Roger Lewin, “Shock of the Past for Modern Medicine: A Radical Approach to Medicine Seeks to Explain Diseases and their Symptoms as a Legacy of Our Evolution: Can Darwinism Lead to Better Treatments?” New Scientist, 23 октября 1993;
P. W. Ewald, Evolution of Infectious Disease (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994);
P. W. Ewald. 2004. Evolution of virulence. Infect Dis Clin North Am 18(1):1–15;
Paul Ewald, “The Evolution of Virulence,” Scientific American, апрель1993.
Интереснейшее интервью с профессором Ивальдом можно найти онлайн:
www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1430/is_n6_v17/ai_16595653.
Еще одна занимательная статья на эту тему доступна по ссылке:
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol2no4/ewald.htm.
Глава 6: Погружение в геном104. A. J. Stewart and P. M. Devlin. 2006. The history of the smallpox vaccine. J Infect 52(5):329–334;
Более подробно про историю оспы читайте:
K. F. Kiple, The Cambridge World History of Human Disease (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
105. L. D. Stein. 2004. Human genome: end of the beginning. Nature 431(7011): 915–916.
106. “The word: Junk DNA,” New Scientist, 19 ноября 2005;
Wayt Gibbs, “The Unseen Genome: Gems among the Junk,”
