United States Marines, training of, 78
“us”-“them” differentiation, 58-62, 244; ideology of antagonism and, 250-1
Utopian thinking in Khmer Rouge ideology, 203
values (see also morality and moral values): as motivation, 38; Nietzsche’s views on, 112
Van uprising (1915), 179-80
Versailles, Treaty of, 91-3, 116
Vichy France, resistance in, 165-6
Vickery, Michael, on Cambodian autogenocide, 193-4, 200, 201, 202-3
victimization, continuum of, 165
victims (see also devaluation; Jews; scapegoating): broadening circle of, in euthanasia program, 121; bystanders becoming, 87; definition of, 61; derogatory labels for, 61; euphemistic language used by, 29, 156; excluded from moral domain, 57; guard behavior toward, 68-9; just-world hypothesis and, 17-18, 79-80; nonhuman status in headhunter cultures, 52; passivity of, 31-2, 160-5; psychology of, 162; role in Holocaust, 31-2; selection of (Argentina), 11, 61, 223-6; selection of (Cambodia), 8, 10-11, 61,192-3, 196; selection of (Holocaust), 86
Vienna, Hitler in, 98
Vietnam: Cambodian invasion by, 191; Khmer Rouge hatred of, 195, 198-9, 201-2; Sihanouk indulgence of, 190
Vietnam War: compartmentalization of functions in, 29; My Lai massacre in, 44-5; opposition to, 87; posttraumatic stress disorder and, 30; psychosocical effects of, 47-8
Viola, General Roberto E., 230
violence (see also aggression): in Argentina, 211-12; in Cambodia, 200-1; climate for, institutions in, 66; as cultural characteristic, 52, 54-5; economic conditions and, 44; poor self-esteem and, 40; prevention of, 243-4; in SS, 131, 133-4; in Warsaw ghetto, 139
volunteerism: education for, 277n; as group connection mechanism, 279; in United States, 269
von Maltitz, Horst, on Nazi ideology, 96-7
Waffen SS, 97, 135
Wagner, Richard, operas of, 113
Wallenberg, Raoul, 81, 140, 166-7, 168-9
Wandervogel, 115
Wannsee Conference, Final Solution creation in, 9
war (see also World War I; World war II); belonging and, 252-4; better-world thinking and, 251; compartmentalization of functions in, 29; continuum of antagonism in, 250; cultural preconditions of, 250-7; effects of, 14; vs. genocide, 4; glorification of, 255; ideology of antagonism and, 250-1; India-Pakistan, 49, 250; ingroup protection in, 60; just-war thinking and, 255-6; leadership power in, 256-7; massacres in, 3, 44-5; minimalism as deterrent for, 258-9; monolithic society and, 256; motivations for, 249-50; national goals and, 251-2; national interest definition and, 257-8; national security and, 254-5; nationalism and, 252-4; Nietzsche’s views on, 112; nuclear, misconceptions about, 255; origins of, 249-60; pluralistic society and, 256; vs. positive reciprocity, 259-60; preparation for, 254, 256; psychosocial effects of, 30, 44, 47-8, 113-14; self-concept and, 251-4; world views contributing to, 255-6
War Refugee Board, 156; Wallenberg work with, 168
Warsaw ghetto, 139, 162
Wegner, Armin T., on Armenian genocide, 184
Weimar Republic: collapse of, Holocaust origin and, 32; hate for, 92-3; weakness of, 114
Wiesel, Eli, on death and survival, 45-6
Weltanschauung, see world view
White, Ralph, on macho pride and war, 250
Whiting, Beatrice and John, on cultural differences in altruism, 51-2
Wilson, E. O., on sociobiology and aggression, 35, 52-3
women: torture of, 222, 224, 226; in Turkish genocide, 10;
world view: and aggression potential, 55; of Argentine military, 215; in Germany, 93, 108; importance of, 264; of Khmer Rouge, 194-5; of perpetrators, 70; war glorification and, 255-6
World War I: Armenian violence against Turks in, 179; effects of, 47-8, 91-3; German excuses in, 106-7; psychosocial consequences of, 30, 44; Turkish genocide in, see Turkish genocide
World War II: Argentine military world view after, 215; Holocaust beginning in, 47; loss of, intensified killing of Jews during, 85, 149-50; United States national interest after, 258
writers and social change, 282
Wyman, David, on abandonment of Jews during World War II, 156
Young Turks: Armenian cooperation sought by, 178-9; as genocide organizers, 182; German alliance of, 174; ideology of, 181-2; killings under, 177; on obedience, 176; origins of, 174
youth, German, 30, 113-15
youth groups: in Cambodia, 205-6; in Germany, 114-15
Yugoslavia, Pol Pot visit to, 203
