The Bolshevik Myth

The Bolshevik Myth

By Alexander Berkman.

Table of Contents

1. Titlepage
2. Imprint
3. Preface
4. The Bolshevik Myth
   1. I: The Log of the Transport Buford
   2. II: On Soviet Soil
   3. III: In Petrograd
   4. IV: Moscow
   5. V: The Guest House
   6. VI: Chicherin and Karakhan
   7. VII: The Market
   8. VIII: In the Moskkommune
   9. IX: The Club on the Tverskaya
   10. X: A Visit to Peter Kropotkin
   11. XI: Bolshevik Activities
   12. XII: Sights and Views
   13. XIII: Lenin
   14. XIV: On the Latvian Border
       1. I
       2. II
       3. III
       4. IV
   15. XV: Back in Petrograd
   16. XVI: Rest Homes for Workers
   17. XVII: The First of May
   18. XVIII: The British Labor Mission
   19. XIX: The Spirit of Fanaticism
   20. XX: Other People
   21. XXI: En Route to the Ukraine
   22. XXII: First Days in Kharkov
   23. XXIII: In Soviet Institutions
   24. XXIV: Yossif the Emigrant
   25. XXV: Nestor Makhno
   26. XXVI: Prison and Concentration Camp
   27. XXVII: Further South
   28. XXVIII: Fastov the Pogromed
   29. XXIX: Kiev
   30. XXX: In Various Walks
   31. XXXI: The Cheka
   32. XXXII: Odessa: Life and Vision
   33. XXXIII: Dark People
   34. XXXIV: A Bolshevik Trial
   35. XXXV: Returning to Petrograd
   36. XXXVI: In the Far North
   37. XXXVII: Early Days of 1921
   38. XXXVIII: Kronstadt
   39. XXXIX: Last Links in the Chain
   40. XL: The Lessons of the “Bolshevik Myth”
       1. I: My Personal Attitude and Reactions
       2. II: The Communist Dictatorship and the Russian Revolution
5. Endnotes
6. Colophon
7. Uncopyright

Imprint

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Preface

Revolution breaks the social forms grown too narrow for man. It bursts the molds which constrict him the more solidified they become, and the more Life ever striving forward leaves them. In this dynamic process the Russian Revolution has gone further than any previous revolution.

The abolition of the established⁠—politically and economically, socially and ethically⁠—the attempt to replace it with something different, is the reflex of man’s changed needs, of the awakened consciousness of the people. Back of revolution are the millions of living humans who embody its inner spirit, who feel, think, and have their being in it. To them revolution is not a mere change of externals: it implies the complete dislocation of life, the shattering of dominant traditions, the annulment of accepted standards. The habitual, measured step of existence is interrupted, accustomed criterions become inoperative, former precedents are void. Existence is forced into uncharted channels; every action demands self-reliance; every detail calls for new, independent decision. The typical, the familiar, have disappeared; dissolved is the coherence and interrelation of the parts that formerly constituted one whole. New values are to be created.

This inner life of revolution, which is its sole meaning, has almost entirely been neglected by writers on the Russian Revolution. Many books have been published about that tremendous social upheaval, but seldom do they strike its true keynote. They treat of the fall and rise of institutions, of the new State and its structure, of constitutions and laws⁠—of the exclusively external manifestations, which nearly make one forget the living millions who continue to exist, to be, under all changing conditions.

Justly Taine said that in studying the French Revolution he found statistics and data, official documents and edicts least illuminative of the real character of the period. Its significant expression, its deeper sense, he discovered in the lives, thoughts, and feelings of the people, in their personal reactions as portrayed in the memoirs, journals, and letters of contemporaries.

The present work is compiled from the Diary which I kept during my two years’ stay in Russia. It is the chronicle of an intense experience, of impressions and observations noted down day by day, in different parts of the country, among various walks of life. Most of the names are deleted, for the obvious reason of protecting the persons in question.

So far as I know it is the only journal kept in Russia during those momentous years (1920⁠–⁠1922). It was a rather difficult task, as those familiar with Russian conditions will understand. But long practice in such matters⁠—keeping memoranda even in prison⁠—enabled me to preserve my Diary through many vicissitudes and searches, and get it safely out of the country. Its Odyssey was adventurous and eventful. After having journeyed through Russia for two years, the Diary succeeded in crossing the border, only to be lost before it could join me. There followed an anxious hunt through several European lands, and when hope of locating my notebooks was almost given up, they were discovered in the attic of a very much frightened old lady in Germany. But that is another story.

Sufficient that the manuscript was finally found and can now be presented to the public in the present volume. If